Surroundings 



i LLUSTRATED. 



PUBLISHKD BY W. W. ELLIOTT, 921 BROADWAY, OAKLAND, CAL. 



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■«*-*«'^-waF»'i,, /- fpr 







I'. Fourth St. 
San Francisco. 



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LITHOGRAPHED & PUBLISHED BY W.W. ELLIOTT, 921 8 ROAD WAY. OAKLAND. CAL. 













— AND — 

SURROUNDINGS 

I ILLUSTRATED 



'Tj; 

2|l 



AND 






DESCRIBED, 






SHOWING ITS 



^]D^J^MT^^(!^E1© 



—FOR— 



Residence or Business. 




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W. W. ELLIOTT, 

Publisher, 

921 Broadway, Oakland, Cal. 

1885. 



^^ 










EXPLANATORY. 




?E have aimed to furnish in convenient form for distrilxition a selection of some of the most impor- 
tant features of Oalcland and its surroundings, as represented in its scenery as well as public and 
'^' private buildings, which of themselves are monuments to the taste and prosperity of our citizens. 
To these have been added descriptive articles selected from a variety of sources. 

Our object has not been to tell a glowing story, but simply to give facts in an interesting manner; to 
furni-h residents with such a description of Oakland and surroundings as they can conscientiously send to 
friends; to put something in the hands of tourists, and especially to afford reliable and satisfactory informa- 
tion to those who are longing to make a home where they can find health and comfort amid sunshine, fruit, 
and flowers. 

In speaking of Oakland we almost involuntarily include the whole adjacent country of Temescal, Fruit- 
vale, Alameda, and Berkeley, and hence our work covers all these localities. 

The lithograph illustrations are all made from nature, not from photographs. The views cover a greal 
variety of subjects and are of all grades and qualities of workmanship, and all were executed by the pub- 
lisher at his lithographing establishment in Oakland. The views represent different kinds of artistic work 
the soft, fine lithograph, crayon etchings, zincographs, wood-cuts, photo-engraving, heliotype, and othei 
processes. 

We e.xpect criticism. It is the easiest thing in the world to find fault. Our work is not withoui 
errors. Few persons without actual experience can comprehend the care and pains required to complete 
a work of this description. 

We found many prominent citizens totally indifferent and unwilling to furnish the slightest information 
and much that we have gathered was under great difficulties. 

We hope these imperfect pages and sketches will induce our citizens to further efforts to spread abroac 
the advantages of our city which we believe to be second to none on the continent. 

There is little doubt but that Oakland stands to-day on the eve of great prosperity, if her citizens, wh( 
have accumulated wealth here, would only act a little less selfish and strive for the general good and thu 
aid in building up an active, v=gcro'is, business city. 






CONTKNTS 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

An Oakland Live Oak 27 

Advocate Office, Berkeley 92 

Antisell Block, " 92 

Albion Cottage, " 93 

Alameda Water Co. 's Reservoir, No. I 105 

" " " " " 2 104 

" County Mutual Insurance Co. 's Office loS 

Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind 96 

Buffington, J. M., Residence 17 

Barker, J. L., " 48 

Berry man, H. B., " 5^ 

Bennett, J. 8., " 112 

Bennett's Furniture Factory I13 

Broadway Block, from Eleventh to 'Iwelfth.. 85 

Bruns, D. H, Block 128 

Blair's Park 28, 29 

Business Block, Broadway bet. Ninth and 

Tenth 40 

Baptist Church 88 

Catholic Church 76 

Central Pacific Railroad Ferry Slip 13 

County Court House 25, 68 

Chas. K. Clark, Residence 57 

Century Plant 58 

Central Building, State University 99 

Congregational Church, Berkeley loi 

City Hall 116 

Cole .School 84 

Coleman Block 41 

Congregational Church 76 

Central Pacific Railroad Terminal Depot . . . .141 

"Dromada" Residence of John Deane 21 

Durant School 77 

Dames' Photograph Gallery 147 

Dingee, Real Estate 145 

Eastlake Cottage 93 

Everts Block 117 

Elliott's Lithographing Establishment 1 17 

East Berkeley Planing Mill 125 

Episcopal Church 32 

Enquirer Office 108 

Express Office I16 

First National Bank 81 

Franklin House 129 

Field Seminary or Home School 37 

Gamble, James, Residence 24 

Garber, John, " 97 

Galindo Hotel 109 

Grove's Nursery 33 

Hall of Records 25 

Hillegass, Mrs. M, Residence 49 

Home for Aged Women 67 

Hopkins Academy ... 72 

Hamilton's Undertaking Rooms 120 

High School Building 15 

Lawton, F. H. , Residence 49 

Library Building 1 16 

Lincoln School 77 



Medical College 73 

Moore, Frank, Residence 93 

Map of Oakland, Berkeley, and Alameda. ... 11 

Methodist Church 88 

Masonic Temple 102 

Mills Seminary 151 

Ninth Street Block 121 

Notre Dame Academy 89 

Narrow Gauge Ferry Slip 32 

Neptune Gardens cover 

Oakland Harbor 16 

" Observatory and School Building. . . 19 

" Bank of Savings 106 

' ' Brewery 80 

Odd Fellows' Hall, Berkeley 129 

Oakland Nursery 33 

' ' Live Oak 27 

Playter, E. W., Residence 12 

Palmer, H. A., " 44 

Palmer, C. T. H, " 44 

Prickly Pear Cactus in Oakland Garden 47 

Pacific Press Publishing House 63 

Piedmont and Lake Merritt 1 12 

Post-Office 116 

Pagoda Hill Kindergarten 84 

Pepper Tree 31 

Presbyterian Church 32 

Relief Society School Building 153 

Residences and Scenes in Oakland 65 

South Pacific Coast Railroad Terminal Depot i 

" Local Train 32 

' ' Ferry Slip 32 

Scenes in Blair's Park 28 

Scene on Lake Merritt 20 

Stewart, J. K., Residence 45 

Shattuck, F. K., " 52 

Stewart, Robert, " 57 

Sackett School 71 

Street View in Oakland 1 16 

Salesroom of Alameda Furniture Factory. ... 117 

St. Joseph's Convent and Church 137 

Standard Soap Co.'s Works 136 

Stewart Bros 1 24 

St. Paul's Episcopal Church 32 

Teare, Philip, Residence 53 

Tompkins School 77 

Tribune Office 109 

Union Bank Building 108 

" Savings Bank 108 

University Buildings 45) 99 

View of Berkeley 61 

" from Highland Park, Frontispiece 11 

Village Improvement Association 133 

Webber Hotel "7 

West Berkeley Planing Mill 125 

'* Lumber Yard 132 

Williams, Geo. R., Residence 36 

Yates, G. E., Residence 36 

York, Waldo M., " 92 



List of Subjects. 



Alameda Furniture Factory 1 54 

A Winter Scene 39 

Armory Hall 98 

Alamcila and Oakland Cars 115 

Art and Artists .... 127 

Advantages of Berkeley 135 

Business and Commercial Center 26 

Benevolent and Charitable Institutions 86 

Broadway and Piedmont Cars 1 15 

Blair's Park 59 

Banks and Banking 106 

Baptist Church 50 

Berkeley Residences 135 

" Business 157 

Congregational Church 46 

Cotton Mills 155 

California Sheltering Home 91 

Center for Railroads 23 

Charming Winter Resort 35 

Climate and Ileallhfulness 35, 39 

City Hall 9S 

Court House and Hall of Records 95 

City Officers 122 

City of -Spires 43 

Church of the Immaculate Conception 47 

Central Pacitic Terminal Depot Ill 

Convent of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart. . . 74 

California Medical College 75 

Charming Locations 140 

California Pottery and Terra Cotta Works . . 154 

Diversified Views 34 

Daily Evening Tribune 127 

" " Express 1 30 

" Morning Times 130 

' ' Enquirer 1 30 

Dingee, Real Estate 145 

Elegant Homes of Oakland 18 

East Oakland iiS 

Early Settlement of Berkeley 139 

First Religious Services 43 

" National Bank 107 

Field Seminary, or Home .School 78 

Fruit and Fhnver Mission 91 

Free Railroad Rides 114 

Ferries of Oakland no 

Flouring Mills 152 

Gas- Light Company 26 

Harmon Seminary 74 

Hospital 94 

Handsome City 18 

Health Statistics 35 

Hopkins Academy 72 

Home Mutual Insurance Company 103 

Highland Park 1 18 

Harbor, Oakland 19 

High .School 54 

Hall of Records 95 

Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind ... 86 

Landscape Views 31 

Library of the University 58 

Ladies' Relief Society 90 

Lake Merritt 119 

Lithographing Business 127, 134 

Location of Berkeley 135 

Libraries 55) 5§ 

Many Beautiful Drives 34 

Mountain View Cemetery 60 

Masonic Temple 98 

Means of Communication 1 10 



•Municipal Matters 122 

.Mayors of Oakland 123 

.Methodist Church 50 

No Finer Spot Than Oakland 27 

Neptune Gardens 62 

Notre Dame Academy 69 

Newspapers of Oakland 127 

Nursery, Reuben Groves 66 

Officers of City 122 

()akland Bank of Savings 106 

Trotting Park 66 

" Observatory 98 

" Publishing House 134 

" as a .Manufacturing Center 146 

" Brewery 150 

Organization of University 53 

Odd Fellows' Library 55 

Officers of County 126 

Public and Private .Schools of Oakland... 51, 54 

Parks and Places of Resort 59 

Piedmont Springs and Surroundings 60 

i'ublic .Squares and Parks 66 

Private Schools 69 

Pagoda Hill Kindergarten 70 

Parish of .Sacred Heart 94 

Prominent Halls and Buildings 102 

" Hotels 103 

Police and Fire Department 122 

Planing .Mills 149 

Public and Private Buildings 95 

Pacific Press Publishing House 134 

Presbyterian Church 46 

Rainfall Table z^ 

Resources and Advantages of Berkeley 140 

Rapid and Safe Transit no 

Real Estate and A'aluation 123, 143, 145 

.San P'rancisco Bay 22 

.Seventh-day Adventist Church 47 

.St. Paul's Episcopal Church 46 

St. John's " " 46 

.Second Congregational Church 5° 

Shell Mound Park 66 

Schutzen Park 66 

Sewerage and Streets 30 

Sackett School 69 

Spencerian Business College 74 

St. Joseph's Presentation Convent 75 

State University 79 

Sheltering Home 94 

.South Pacific Coast Railroad 1 14 

Street-Car Lines 1 14 

Sewer .System of Berkeley 138 

Standard .Soap Co 156 

Situation of Oakland 15 

Signs of the Times 131 

Temperature Table 42 

The Mole 1 1 1 

Theaters 62 

University Museums 64 

Union National Bank 107 

University of California 79 

Union Savings Bank 107 

Valuation of Property 123 

Village Improvement Association 143 

Woman's Christian A.ssociation 91 

" " Temperance Union 94 

West Berkeley Lumber Yard 156 

Water Supply 23 

Young Men's Christian Association 87 







#iOAKI!^AMID. f# 



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— ^^ig_(2-^S^5^^^ 



AKLAND has been little ad- 
i^ vertised. Its inhabitants, rely- 
ing upon its superior advan- 
tages of situation, climate, and 
■ ^v^ - scenery, have settled down 
^ ^ to a quiet life, trusting to 
t these many excellencies for ad- 
' \^ vancement. But it will not do 
to rely on this superiority. The world 
must be informed of our resources. Mul- 




titudes in the East would escape from the 
heat and cold, storms and floods. Thou- 
sands are longing for just such homes of 
health and comfort, amid sunshine and 
fruit and flowers, as Oakland offers. 

That there are many wicked people in 
Oakland, and many unlawful things done, 
will not be denied ; but it is undoubtedly 
true that the standard of public morals here 
is higher than that of any other city of its 



^7X=9EZSZ31IHS: 




MAP 

OF 

Oakland, 
berkeley,- 

AND 

ALAMEDA. 



HLiorr. oai<lahd 



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*W*i'>4-M«ac«*««*ff'«t^'':lR*'^"-rt^V'*^^ 



14 



Sketches of Oakland. 



size, and as high at least as that of most 
small towns. A very large proportion of 
the business and professional men are not 
only active, but they are also worthy 
members of some religious organization, 
and engaged, in one way or another, in 
some charitable work. Collect together 
any considerable number of representa- 
tive merchants, manufacturers, financiers, 
lawyers, or physicians, and you will be 
sure to find among them representatives 
of leading churches and charities, and 
marked examples of high moral and 
social character. 

The clergy have some able representa- 
tives of the profession, and interest in 
religious matters seems to be on the in- 
crease, judging from the number of new 
churches erected during the last year. 

The Roman Catholic population is 
more numerous than that of any one 
branch of the family of Protestant 
churches, but much less than those 
branches united. Probably nowhere are 
the Catholic clergy more enterprising and 
intelligent than in this city ; and in no 
city in the country is there less contention 
between the Protestant and Roman Cath- 
olic members of the great Christian re- 
ligion. 

The Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion, comprising what the Romanists have 
not improperly styled the Jesuits of the 
Protestant church, has accomplished 
much towards the removal of the imagi- 
nary barriers that divide Christian people 
into denominations ; while in the great 
works of benevolence, temperance reform, 
and the preservation of the Sabbath, Prot- 
estants and Romanists work harmoniously 
together. 

The Medical College has a faculty com- 
posed of several of our most eminent 
physicians, skilled in the use of surgical 
appliances and the mysteries of disease. 

The progress of manufacturing inter- 



ests is also exceedingly gratifying ; and 
there is abundant reason for the belief 
that in the course of a very few years this 
citv will be an important manufacturing 
center. 

Building of all kinds has been active 
during the past year. A large number of 
residences of all grades has been erected 
in all parts of the city. 

The intelligent observer who spends a 
day in our public schools will be con- 
vinced that the teachers employed in in- 
structing the pupils under their guidance 
are engaged in an earnest work. In some 
respects our schools stand prominently 
above all others in the State. 

The University is at the head of all 
educational work and is the pride ot 
Berkeley as well as of the State generally. 

The free public library grows in popu- 
lar esteem and is getting to be a noble in- 
stitution. Its reading-room is also well 
patronized. 

Of photographic and art establishments 
we have some that, for the production of 
excellent work, will yield the palm to none. 

Our stores have largely increased their 
stocks of late years, and there is now little 
cause for trade leaving, as all varieties of 
goods are to be had at low rates. 

Book and picture stores bright with 
chromos, and a variety of showy goods, 
arrest the eye, here and there, and give a 
cheerful variety to the aspect of the streets. 

Theaters and places of amusement are 
generally well patronized, and most first- 
class artists and troupes visit Oakland. 

Our home musical talent is various, 
and there are examples of proficiency in 
every branch of musical art. There is a 
widening circle here that is cultivated 
enough to enjoy classic music. 

Private schools are well maintained and 
occupy a large field, ranging from the kin- 
dergarten to the seminary and academy. 

The architects have had ample room 



Picturesque Situation of Oakland. 



15 



for their taLnt, and many fine blocks and 
residences are the result of their skill. 
All the new business blocks are massive, 
solid, and ornamental. 

So far as the Bar is concerned, there is 
hardly a man of any prominence in the 
profession whose character for personal 
integrity, upright conduct, and good mor- 
als, is not equal to his reputation as a 
lawyer. 

The press of Oakland is ably con- 
ducted and patronized. The people sup- 
port four daily papers and numerous 
weekly publications of merit. 

Of able physicians there seems to be 
no lack, and it is a mystery how so many 



obtain a living where so little sickness 
prevails. 

The city is orderly, and, as a general 
thing, peace prevails, and person and 
property are reasonably safe, and all de- 
partments of city government move along 
quietly and smoothly. 



0i]l\IaFid. 

HE situation of Oakland is pictur- 
esque. Placed on the eastern shore 
of San Francisco Bay, on a plateau 
that rises gradually to the slopes of 
the Coast Range, it commands a wide and 
diversified prospect. To the west are the 
bay, the islands, San Francisco, and the 
ocean; to the east, the slopes of the Coast 
Range; to the north and south an expanse 
of water seen against a background of 




•^TA/cX.zaa. 



OAKLAND HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING. 



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18 



Elegant Homes of Oaki,and. 



hills, which rise into the heights of Tamal- 
pais, 2,500 feet, Lnguna Honda and San 
Bruno, and find their limit in the gray and 
faintly-seen ridges of Sonoma, Solano, 
and Santa Clara Counties. 

The smooth hills of the Coast Range, 
worn into graceful outlines by the attrition 
of ages, do not at first please the stranger. 
He misses the wooded slopes to which he 
has been accustomed, and declares them 
to be plain and unattractive. But their 
physical peculiarities are the source of 
many beauties, which experience soon dis- 
covers. 

From the absence of forests comes a 
wide range of brilliant and delicate color, 
having characteristic hues for every season 
of the year. In the long, clear days of 
summer or autumn, they are overspread 
with a dull brown, which would be monot- 
onous except for the chocolate streaks and 
purple [)atches, which here and there mark 
the shadows, caiions, and depressions. 
As the day steals on, the prosaic aspect 
disappears; the colors become richer 
and deeper, and at sunset pass through 
many gradations of gold, yellow, amber, 
rose, pink, violet, and purple, and finally 
fade into the gray, ashen, and somber 
shadows of night. Sometimes all these 
hues can be seen at once, the brighter on 
the nearer peaks and hill-sides, the darker 
on the ridges that border the horizon. 
In the spring the fresh green covering of 
the hills assumes pearly tints, with purples 
in the distance. Flowers are in bloom 
everywhere, the yellow predominating, 
making the long ranges look at intervals 
as if draped with cloth of gold. In win- 
ter, while the valleys are green and beau- 
tiful, the higher elevations are often white 
with snow. So wide and various a land- 
scape, including the picturesque peculiar- 
ities of all seasons, the tjuiet of land- 
locked waters, the blending of coast with 
nland scenery, the contrasting of ocean 



storm-effects and the serene skies which 
hang over sheltered valleys, can be seen 
nowhere else in the world. 

p ieindsome Gitr. 

ip 

o^ — 

V^ AKLANI) is classed among the hand- 
HW' somest cities ir. the United States, and 
^ certainly has the right to claim it. 
Her beautiful streets and avenues are 
all, or nearly all, shaded by oaks, from 
which she derives the name. Orchards, 
parks, gardens, and vineyards are found 
on every side. Nestling amidst this forest 
of perpetual green or live-oak can be seen, 
peeping out here and there, the magnifi- 
cent villa of the nabob, substantial resi- 
dences of wealthy merchants, and the 
neat and tasteful cottages of the well-to-do 
mechanics, who have been attracted here 
by its grand scenery, mild climate, and 
quiet surroundings, being free from dust, 
noise, or the bustle of a large city. 

As approached from San Francisco on 
a fine day in summer, Oakland presents all 
the illusions of a second Venice, which, by 
and by, will become a reality, as art aids 
nature to set off her charms. It is the 
home of many enlightened and wealthy 
citizens, and the number of those who 
plant their homes on its beautiful streets 
is rapidly increasing. 

Oakland now covers an area of from 
40 to 50 square miles. Its population is 
about 45,000. It has all the conveniences 
of a com])lete and perfect city — fine 
streets, gas, water, an excellent fire de- 
partment, and a well-developed system of 
sewerage. 

Eleiar^t^ F)0rT^GS of 0eil\land. 

— 

fO city on the coast has gained more 
relatively within the last ten years 
*^A= than Oakland. The wide extent 
and high cultivation of her orna- 
mental gardens, and the elegance of her 



Oakland Harbor. 



19 



dwellings, contribute to make her one of 
the most beautiful cities in the United 
States. 

The site of Oakland is part of one of 
the great Mexican ranches. Thirty years 
ago nothing existed here except groves of 
oak. There was scarcely a house. Later 
a small village appeared on the banks of 
the creek. It remained a village until 



have lawns filled with the variety of plants 
and shrubbery that can be seen only on 
the Pacific Coast, while even the most 
unpretentious cottage has its door-yard or 
terrace filled with flowers. The neighbor- 
hood is not, on account of its situation, 
shut out from a view of the hills, while 
its being within half an hour of San 
Francisco gives it an advantage to a busy 
man who likes a delightful home 
as near as possible to his place 
of business. 

Occasional glimpses of the sea, 
or of the hills dotted with pur- 
ple shadows, will delight him. 
The air most of the time is mild, 
bracing and enjoyable. 




OAKLAND OBSERVATORY AND SCHOOL BUILDING. 



about 1865, when boats and trains ren- 
dered it at all hours accessible. Popula- 
tion spread rapidly, until to-day it is the 
second city in the State. Oakland now 
covers an area of about fifty square 
miles. It has all the conveniences of a 
complete and perfect city. 

Its streets are broad, smooth, and pro. 
fusely set with trees. The finer residences 



HE southern boundary of the city 
is the estuary of San Antonio, which 
was naturally inaccessible, at low tide, 
to boats drawing more than two feet; 
but stone walls have been extended out 
from the upland on each side of the est- 
uary, across the mud flat in the bay, for a 



jigr ^ rTwf^ij: -JK-JT wr i- yf- sn i^t Si^ZBiir^Cl^l^uJ*' 




90 



The Beautiful Bay of San Francisco. 



distance of nearly two miles, leaving space 
between them 300 yards wide. By 
dredging, and the natural wash of the 
tide, this channel has been so deepened 
that vessels drawing 10 feet can now en- 
ter the estuary at low water. The tide at 
neap adds 4 feet, and at spring 7 feet 
to the depth, so that vessels drawing 
17 feet can reach Oakland wharf. The 
dredging contract requires that the depth 
of 10 feet, now limited to a width of 200 
feet, shall be extended to 300 feet, and 
that for a width of 100 the depth shall 
be 14 feet, allowing vessels drawing 21 
feet to load or discharge in the new 
harbor. 

Much has been done, and seven years 
have elapsed since the first appropriation 
by Congress, and still the work is very far 
from completion. When the walls are 
properly completed, they are to rise to the 
level of high tide for more than a mile 
from the ohore, and now they are for a con- 
siderable part of their length three or four 
feet below the requisite height. 

A canal a mile long is to connect the 
San Antonio Estuary with San Leandro 
Bay, and the latter will be closed at its 
mouth by gates, so that the tide can pour 
in, but must flow out through the artifi- 
cial harbor, thus scouring it, and saving 
expense in dredging. Congress has made 
seven appropriations in all; one in every 
year, except 1877, since 1874; and the 
total has been $535,000; the amount for 
each of the three years from 1879 to 1881 
inclusive, being $60,000. The e.xcavation 
of the basin at East Oakland is now go- 
ing on, and when that has been done, 
Oakland's shipping interests will probably 
become important. The channel will be 
three miles long, with six miles of water 
frontage. The total cost, as estimated in 
advance, is to be $1,335,000, so that Con- 
gress has still $800,000 more to appro- 
priate. 



San Br?anGiSGO Bav 



HE bay of San Francisco occupies sev- 
eral long valleys and deep indenta. 
tions, formed by the spurs and off- 
shoots of the Coast Range. It is a 
magnificent sheet of water. Taken with 
the series of tideways of which it forms 
a part, it is nearly one hundred miles in 
length. It poorly suggests its splendid 
proportions to say of it that it would 
float the navies of the world, for it would 
not only bear on its bosom the vast war 
marine of all powers, but permit them to 
maneuver and decide the world's desti- 
nies in fair battle within an amphithea- 
ter of hills on which the nations them- 
selves could gather and witness the result. 
Its beauties have never been duly ap- 
preciated by those who paint in phrases 
or delineate in oils. Yet they are rare 
and diverse, with rich hues and shifting 
tones that run a chromatic scale of color 
through every season of the year. It re- 
sponds sympathetically to all changes of 
the sky and hills. To the cold, gray 
cloudless heaven it shows a steel blue. 
When roughened by the north wind, it is 
black, scarcely relieved by the white 
fringes of its short wuves. Scattered 
cloud-masses dapple its surface with many 
tints, and lines of rifted cloud throw upon 
its waters bars of blue, green, olive, choc- 
olate, brown, and purple, with shades for 
which an artist can find no equivalent 
either in word or in color. 

In winter the shov,-ers chase one an- 
other across its surface, and when the sun 
breaks through, it illuminates the slanted 
lances of the rain, which glisten like the 
bayonets of a retreating army. The 
ocean fogs touch it with their white and 
fleecy masses, sweep across its broad 
plains in solid phalanx, or lie gloomily 
upon its breast, lifting now and then to 
show the black waters below. 



Ample Water Supply 



23 



The tides rush in through the Golden 
Gate, spread to the north, south, and east, 
ripple along the wharves, break in foam 
about the islands, lap up against the bases 
of the hills, and run far up the deep est- 
uaries twice each day, carrying life and 
motion to the brown and silent heart of 
the Coast Range. 



Ample iXJatiep SupplY- 



Gei^tep fBw ReiilP0eids. 



'Oakland is the natural center of 
the railroad system of the ■ Pacific 
Coast, while it is the terminus of all 
the roads running north and east, 
including the great overland road; it is 
also the terminus of roads penetrating the 
southern portion of the State. This city 
is reached by an easy grade, following the 
broad and level valleys which stretch along 
the eastern side of the bay of San Fran- 
cisco. It is also the terminus of the South- 
ern Pacific, and the South Pacific Coast. 
Over two hundred trains pass through the 
city daily, including the local and freight 
trains to Alameda, and the clanging of 
bells and the shriek of the locomotive 
whistle may be heard at almost any hour 
of the day or night. 

The Central Pacific, with its vast traffic, 
gathered from the distant Orient and the 
far-away Atlantic, and including tributary 
tfade flowing in from tributaries in the 
South, Southwest, and along the northern 
borders of the country, necessarily con- 
trols the bulk of the carrying trade that 
enters Oakland. 

The South Pacific Coast Railroad is 
now about extending its lines through the 
city, which will greatly increase the travel, 
by this route, which is destined to be a 
favorite one with Oakland people, as its 
time from the center of the city to San 
Francisco is much reduced — no small mat- 
ter with business men. 



;/f4.'\\AKLAND is mainly supplied with 
water from Lake Chabot, which is 
situated in the hills east of San 
Leandro. 

It was first constructed about 1874, 
and has since been largely increased and 
large mains have recently been laid to 
Oakland. The water is clear, but of a 
deep greenish tint; the banks are clear, 
and no animals are allowed to pasture in 
its immediate vicinity. The lake now 
contains 5,000,000,000 gallons, and when 
the dam is completed will have a capacity 
of 15,000.000,000 gallons. It is now 
four miles in length and will eventually 
have a length of eight miles. 

From the lake near Temescal, which is 
425 feet above the level of the city, pipes 
are laid to Piedmont, Oakland Heights, 
and other high elevations in the vicinity. 
Highland Park and Fruitvale draw their 
supplies from a reservoir on Sausal Creek. 

Before 1875, when the water from Lake 
Chabot at San Leandro was first intro- 
duced, Oakland was abundantly supplied 
from the other two systems. The three 
could easily furnish water to a million 
people, not only for domestic use, but for 
irrigation. The present daily consump- 
tion of water is 8,000,000 gallons. The 
San Leandro reservoir can alone supply 
13,000,000 daily without increasing its 
capacity. 

A very large amount of water is used 
in keeping lawns and gardens green dur- 
ing the summer, for which reason the 
consumption per capita exceeds that of 
any other city in the world. The table 
on next page is compiled to show the gal- 
lons furnished per day per individual in 
several American and European cities, 
which are thought to be well sui)plied 
with water. 






''■-"^- ' ■ ■ ■ "X-SAjfi ■At 




Kawi«»c««»S*>»S«!«S*SSi^««i^ 



Ooar 



siiSe. 



■i % 




:ttollL of 



eeorcl^. 



■»-"^»o«i-»o«»a»tCTgjBg S» i g i y.i<> > u '^«WBi iM. ; g^ )aig'l8g»gjaaRfj«»wty«»Mtr''g? :•<•)» 



!^"^5S!sas«?!w ".wwibmiww!!!." 



26 



A Wkll-Lightei) City. 



London ^} Cincinnati 80 

New Vorli 95 Chicago 1 14 

Glasgow 52 Buffalo 122 

I'aris 68 Detroit 127 

Philadelphia. ...... 67, Washington 176 

Pittsburg 102 San Francisco 75 

Brooklyn 54^ Oakland 230 

St. Louis 71 j 

The water has been at different times 
analyzed by the City Board of Health, the 
chemical dej^artment of the University of 
Calitbrnia, and the State Board of Health, 
and classified among " the good water 
which may be used for all domestic pur- 
poses." 

Beautiful ai^d Belighfeful. 

^SAKLAND is held by many travelers 
and writers to be the most beautiful 
and most delightful suburb in the 
United States. It certainly has the 
right to claim unsurpassed ferry and rail- 
way facilities, a genial climate, perfect ac- 
cessibility, and magnificent surroundings. 
It is flanked by Alameda and Berkeley, 
each a large and flourishing suburban town. 
The population of Oakland comes close 
on to 45,000. 

The homes of the rich are very beauti- 
ful, and the drives within and outside the 
city are numerous and delightful. No 
place in the world can show so much 
shrubbery and so many flowers the year 
round. Like Brooklyn, Oakland is a city 
of churches, while her public and private 
educational institutions are numerous and 
take high rank. There are several good 
hotels, where rates are moderate. 

The trains of the Central Pacific and 
South Pacific Coast Railroads carry pas- 
sengers to every jjortion of the city, while 
the street railroads run almost to every 
man's door. Most branches of manu- 
facture, nearly every line of mercantile 
pursuit, and nearly all the kinds of indus- 
try necessary to personal convenience, are 
found in Oakkand. 



Business and GommePGial 
Gentep. 



I From the Express.] 

I^AKLAND is no longer a mere suburb 
I of San Francisco, but has laid deep 
and broad the foundation of a sep- 
arate business and commercial center 
that will at no distant day be a formidable 
rival for a share of the expanding com- 
merce of the Pacific; still il is true that a 
very large portion of our population are 
attracted here from sanitary, social, and 
economical reasons. They are charmed 
by the healthy and exhilarating climate 
and the picturesque surroundings. They 
find the educational privileges, from the 
kindergarten to our magnificently endowed 
university, unsurpassed. 

Cheap ferriage is no small considera- 
tion. The broad gauge officials are care- 
ful and obliging, the boats elegant and 
commodious, and the depot at the end 
of the Oakland pier a model of architect- 
ural beauty and convenience. The nar- 
row-gauge people are sparing no pains to 
make their transit to San Francisco all 
that could be desired. Their cars and 
boats are of the best, the officials polite 
and watchful, and if these two companies 
could be induced to run. their boats at 
alternate intervals of fifteen minutes, and 
recognize each other's tickets, travel would 
be as near perfection as could be wished. 



fl^lXJeli-liighted GifeT. 

HE Oakland Gas Light Company was 
incorporated in 1866, and its street 
lamps were first lighted on New 
Year's night of 1867. At first the 
works of the company were located on 
the block bounded by Broadway, First, 
Second, and Washington Streets, upon 
which were both their retort house and 
coal yard. During the year 1877 the com- 



No Finer Spot Than Oakland. 



27 



pany built upon the block bounded by 
Urst. Grove, Second, and Jefferson Streets, 
additional works, consisting of a double 
lift holder of 500,000 cubic feet capacity, 
a purifying house 154 feet long by 36 
feet wide, a meter house of proportionate 
size, and a tower scrubber with independ- 
ent water-works. These additions were 
planned upon the latest improvements 
known to the science of gas-making. 

On the first day of September, 1884, the 
name of the company was changed to 



a very large outlay in the way of street 
mains in proportion to the amount of gas 
consumed. The mains of the company 
extend from Alameda to Berkeley, and 
from Fruitvale to the water's edge. The 
number of miles of mains laid is suf- 
ficient to supi)ly a city of three times 
the inhabitants of Oakland. The com- 
pany started with twenty-five stref^t lamps, 
but the number has now been increased 
to about eight hundred and twenty. The 
coal used in the manufacture of gas is 




AN OAKLAND LIVE-OAK. 



the Oakland Gas, Light and Heat Com- 
pany. On January i, 1885, it originated 
a system of electric lighting, and has now 
in daily operation seventy-five arc lamps of 
the Thomson-Houston Company. A large 
building was erected for that special ] ur- 
pose on its property, corner Second and 
Washington Streets, and some seven miles 
of wire have so far been used to supply 
customers. 

The fact that the city of Oakland cov- 
ers such an extent of territory necessitates 



English and Australian, no first-class gas 
coal having been discovered, up to this 
time, on this coast. 

¥lB FineF Sp©ti fehsiFi 8aI\IaF^d. 

,HE evening Exp?-ess publishes a let-. 
II ter taken from the Hubbardston 
(Mich.) Advertiser^ in which the 
writer says: — 
I freely venture the assertion that no 
finer spot than the city of Oakland and 



















'"^"fwrn- timmiSt v^^^^^m 









'/% 










SCENES IN BLAIRS PARK. 



•M) 



Sewerage and Streets. 



its surroundings can be found on Ameri- 
can soil, Los Angeles or Hubbardston not 
excepted. My first impression was good, 
and it imjiroves the longer I stay. I do 
not wish to be considered an enthusiast, 
and I think that my expressed disapproval 
of some of the places I have visited will 
go to prove that I am not. 

Oakland is clean, and "cleanliness is 
next to — " etc. It is quite level, making 
access to any part of its limits an easy task. 
It is (juiet, making it a home-like place to 
live. It is cool in summer, the ther- 
mometer rarely getting above yo*' in the 
shade, and mild and pleasant in winter. 
It never rains except in winter, but a 
s])le<idid water system furnishes all that 
is needed for any purpose. It is never 
smoky. There are a number of good 
schools, with an average attendance of 
about 6,000 scholars. There are also a 
goodly number of grand church edifices, 
and their pulpits contain a cor[)S of most 
efficient clergymen. There are several 
lively first-class newspapers, both daily and 
weekly. 

As a fruit market no city on the face of 
the globe can excel this; fruit of all kinds, 
fine, fresh, and cheap, twelve months in the 
year. Free local passenger trains are 
run each way every half hour within the 
city limits. There are eight cars in each 
train, and it is surprising to what an ex- 
tent they are patronized. There are a 
goodly number of manufacturing estab- 
lishments. 

Oakland is to San Francisco what 
Brooklyn is to New York. Ferry boats 
cross the bay every half hour; fare, fifteen 
cents. A great many wealthy business 
men of San Francisco have their resi- 
dences and fine yards here, which neces- 
sarily adds much to the beauty of Oak- 
land. 

Just between Oakland proper and Fast 
Oakland, formerly Brooklyn, lies the 



beautiful Lake Merritt well supplied with 
sail and row-boats, and a more lovely 
sheet of water for an evening sail could 
not be asked for. I speak from experi- 
ence; for a few nights ago I formed one 
of a party that took a ride over the placid 
waters. We started at 8 p. m., the sky 
was perfectly clear; the stars were fast ap- 
pearing in the east while in the west the 
last faint rays of the sun yet lingered over 
the blue Pacific just outside the (iolden 
(xate. Soon after 9 o'clock the moon 
came creeping above the rugged peaks of 
the Contra Costa Range. A large house 
with an observatory on toj) happened to 
stand upon the mountain-side between us 
and the moon, and the bright rays of the 
([ueen of night shining through its win- 
dows produced a sight that needed little 
stretch of the imagination in addition to 
make one think one's self on the beautiful 
lakes on the other side of the Atlantic, 
with the grand old castles along the shores. 
To the north, was a continuation of the 
range in the distance, with a rolling farm- 
ing country nearer at hand; to the south, 
the masts of the vessels in Oakland har- 
bor, with glimmering beacons of Alameda 
nearly back of them; and to the west, the 
bright gas and electric light of Oakland. 



SewePeiGie and Sti^eefeS. 

i„ LL the princijjal streets are already 
''^ supplied with substantial sewers. 
A large part of the city north of 
Twelfth Street is drained into a 
large main sewer, which is flushed twice 
a day from the tidal overflow of Lake 
Merritt. 

The report of the city engineer shows 
that there are thirty-eight miles of sewers 
in the streets of Oakland, excepting main 
lake sewer, which is two and one-half 
miles long, and that there are fifty-one 
and one-half miles of macadamized streets. 



Landscape Views. 



31 



In one year the property-owners paid for 
sewers and grading and macadamizing 
$254,140, which, itemized, shows that 
24,000 feet of sewer-pipe was laid, or 
about four and one-half miles, costing 
$24,140. 

The length of streets macadamized, 
36,000 feet or seven miles, costing $180,- 
000; length of streets graded, 40,447 feet, 
or about eight miles, which cost $50,000; 
all of which speaks well for property- 
owners, who are so liberal to improve our 
city. There is a resolution of the coun- 
cil a<iainst macadamizln<r streets until 



people. The drought which covers the 
midsummer traveler with dust, is the se- 
cret of the successful harvesting of our 
immense grain crops. With an Eastern 
summer, grain growing on the scale now 
practiced would be impossible. And if 
the earlier drought is thus salutary, the 
continuance of it is not less so, for it 
gives the fruit-grower his opportunity. 

Cloudless skies from September to 
November are the secret of full success 
in our vineyards. Without them the ten 
ton yield of wine grai)es would be partly 
sacrificed, and our vigorous raisin indus- 




SPECIMEN OF PEPPER TREE, OAKLAND. 



sewer, gas, and water-pipes are laid. 
This rule ought to be adhered to most 
rigidly; the damage caused by tearing up 
improved streets is very great; and it is a 
burden which should not be imposed 
upon property-holders. 



'HILE strangers are prone to be- 
wail the short-lived green of our 
landscapes, they should not forget 
that it is from the death of our 
natural verdure that comes the life and 
prosperity of the greater portion of our 



try would be impossible. Therefore 
mourn not the death of the green, as one 
mourns without hope; for as we have said, 
it is the key to the prosperity of a num- 
ber of our agricultural industries. ' 

In May the visitor now turns his eyes 
upon the California landscape and sees 
the height of its loveliness. It is true that 
in some parts the yellow of summer ripe- 
ness is stealing in upon the scene; buf 
taking the State as a whole it is in its love- 
liest dress. Fortunate are those who now 
look upon it. It is the peerless time 
when earth and air and sky play their 
sweetest parts, until house-walls become 



34 



Many Beautiful Drives. 



l^risons apd roofs a burden. It is the 
time when California "ocs out-of-doors. 



Divepgificd Wiqvi^. 



^ 



'yf;N the distance, Oakland is seen, the 
T L nunit^rous church steeples of the 
g| goodly city rising as plenteous as the 
Moslem minarets of Bagdad, while on 
the low lands between, the eye has 
glimpses of a succession of charming 
villas which wed town and country with- 
out usurping the i)rerogatives of the one 
or deforming the beauties of the other. 

Before it are the placid waters of the 
bay, shimmering in the sunshine, or lash- 
ing themselves into a white passion in the 
wake of some passing steamer; girdled 
with mountains to the e.ist, the north, and 
the west, and rocking upon their bosom a 
fleet of stately ships thickly clustered 
about the base of the San Francisco hills. 
A bank of fog is usually drifting past the 
rugged heights of Saucelito, but above the 
misty barrier rise the mountain tops, calm 
and restful, and distinctly defined against 
a sky that on three hundred days of the 
year is a deep azure blue. Several miles 
to the west, directly before the town — for 
Berkeley, unlike most cities inhabited by 
men, has a face, and turns it resolutely 
and forever toward the Golden Gate — ■ 
lies the rocky fortress of Alcatraz, stand- 
ing in the center of the channel, grim and 
invulnerable warder of all ajiproaches 
from the sea. Far off to the west, seen 
through rocky walls which near each 
other and almost clasp hands, only to 
widen av.ay as if awed by the majesty of 
the presence they would fain shut out, 
flooded with light, resistlessly throbbing 
against its rocky barriers, stretching 
calmly away into an infinite perspective, 
which is finally lost in the low arching 
sky, appears the mighty, surgin/, unrest 
ing, matchless ocean.- -^//a California. 



MariT Beautiful BpiveS. 



NTERESTING localities are not want- 
ing in the neighborhood of the Uni- 
versity town. The roads in all di- 
rections are good in the season, and 
all command a fine prospect. It is a 
charming drive from Berkeley to Oakland 
by way of Telegraph Avenue, and thence 
to Alameda or toward San Leandro. The 
roads leading uj) the many canons into ^he 
Coast Range, and even to its summit, are 
all pleasant and romantic. 

The soil is easily trodden into hard, 
compact road beds which make excellent 
drives unexcelled for ease and smooth- 
ness. These lead in every direction along 
the plateau near the bay, along the base of 
the Coast Range, or follow up one of the 
many small streams that wind through 
beautiful gorges of the mountain sides. 

To the tourist, the scene is peculiar 
and fascinating, as he passes mile after 
mile between rows of villas, in whose 
lawns the flowers, shrubs, and trees of the 
tropics mingle their beauty and bright- 
ness with the soberest hues of the pmes, 
firs, larches, cypresses, and hardier vege- 
tation of the north. 

On either side the visitor will see, ex- 
cept in the six months of midsummer, 
wild flowers in countless numbers, far 
handsomer and more delicate than the 
common garden flowers of the Eastern 
States. 

Occasional glimpses of the sea, or of the 
hills dotted with purple shadows, will de- 
light him, also the air, which most of the 
time is mild and bracing. 

Good roads lead into the cafions and 
up the sides of the Coast Range, from 
whose summit a vast range of picturesque 
scenery is visible. The ascent is easy, 
and the drive will disclose constant changes 
of view. 



->> 



•Glimale and §eal1ihfyli|GSS.<-- 



-^^i/^/y o^yznjxy^ 



!N Oakland the cloudy days are com- 
paratively few, and the wet days, even 
in the rainiest season, still fewer. The 
chniate throughout the year is equablej 
healthy, comfortable, agreeable, stimulat- 
ing, soothing, and invigorating to the in- 
valid, and rendering life more keenly 
enjoyable to those in perfect health. 
Could any resort be imagined more desir- 
able for ])ersons in delicate health, or 
those who dread the rigors of an Eastern 
winter? 

The afternoon winds that prevail in San 
Francisco during the summer months 
reach Oakland with diminished force. 
The close proximity of the hills in the 
rear of the city, and the many large and 
stately trees, serve as a protection. There 
are other reasons, perhaps, difficult of 
comprehension; but the fact is well known 
that when the winds prevail in San Fran- 
cisco with great violence, only a moderate 
breeze is felt in Oakland. The sea fogs 
of summer, which roll in from the ocean, 
vanish from Oakland several hours before 
they cease to overshadow San Francisco. 
Perfect immunity from wind and fog can 
be found only in the interior, but intensely 
hot and scorching weather is an annoy- 



ance that more than counterbalances the 
pleasure to be derived from a sky that is 
always clear, and freedom from the ocean 
mists. 

The city lies sloping to the west and 
north, fully exposed to the sea breezes, 
which lose their chill as they approach the 
Oakland shore. Its atmosphere is, there- 
fore, pure, and at the same time mild; 
bracing, yet with an Italian softness. 
The death-rate is about one-half that of 
San Francisco, a fact that is of itself suffi- 
cient proof of the remarkable healthfulness 
of the city. 



iealtih Sfeafeisfcieg. 



HE following carefully compiled table 
of health statistics, comparing the 
health of Oakland with that of the 
following cities, has been prepared by 
Dr. E. W. Buck, health officer of this city- 





CITIES. 


POPU- 


DEATH 




LATION. 


RATE. 


Cleveland, Ohio 


200,429 


IN JULY I 40.04 


New Haven, Conn. 


75,000 




30.03 


Baltimore, Md. 


408,520 




19-57 


New Orleans, La. 


234,000 




24 00 


Cincinnati, Ohio 


325,000 




24.62 


Nashville, Tenn. 


60,000 




26 46 


Chicago, 111. 


630,00r> 




28.44 


Norfolk, Va. 


26,188 




38.30 


St. Louis, Mo. 


400,000 




25.68 


Milwaukee, Wis. 


160,000 




18.67 


Wilmington, Del. 


54,000 




30.66 


Detroit, Mich. 


165,000 


28.40 


Oakland 


43,000 


13-95 





















% ^ 




m} 










n.-ii 






RESIDENCE OP GEO. R.WILLIAMS EAST OAKLAND- CALIFORNIA. 









^'\Lv^< 



»V'«M 



^*> 


















{t-OPIg- 





RESIOENce OF G.e YATES .C OR 17'" 5T. AND ! 0'" AV E N U E EAST OAKLAND CAL. 




^■*lft>— 



38 



Climate and Rainfall. 



Rainfall JFable. 



fHE annual averages of San Francisco 
and Oakland show less than half an 
inch difference, that of San Francisco 
being 24 inches, Oakland's 24.45. 
One cause of this excess, small as it is, is 
found in the absence of fog in Oakland as 
compared with San Francisco. In many 
other respects, notably the temperature of 
the prevailing winds, Oakland has a long 
ways the more enjoyable climate, and is 
therefore free from disease. 

The rainfall record at top of next column 
was taken by Mr. J. Hutchison, of this city. 



SEASON. INCHES. 

1873-74 26.03 

1874-75 21.67 

1875-76 2S.46 

1876-77 I 1. 71 

I877-78--. ■ 32-15 

1878-79 23.57 

1879-80 26.04 

1880-81 30.84 

1881-82 18.13 

1883-84 31.10 

1884-85 17.95 

The following tabic will [jiove an inter- 
esting study to those in less favored 
climates who suffer from extremes of heat 
and cold. It will be observed that the 
thermometer rarely i)asses below the freez- 
ing point. In only one of the years men- 
tioned does it indicate an uncomfortable 
degree of summer heat: — 



COMPARATIVE ANNUAL METEOROLOGY. 



Mean temperature of the year 

Mean temperature of the warmest day 
Mean temperature of the coldest day. 
Maximum temperature for the year. . 
Minimum temperature for the year. . 
Rainfall in inches during the year. . . . . 
No. clear and fair days during year. . . 

No. cloudy days during year 

No. days in which rain fell 

No. fogi^y mornings 

No. mornings overcast 

No. mornings frost was seen 

Wind, direction from SW. and W . . . . 
Wind, direction from NW. and W. . . . 

Wind, direction from NE. and N 

Wind, direction from SE. and S 

Calms 



iS 6. 


187;. 
56.29 


1878. 


1879- 
55-11 


1880. 
53-69 


5-. 09 


55-28 


4- 


76. 


69 -33 


75-33 


70.66 


3^- 


41.63 


37- 


33-66 


41. 


97- 


95. 


84. 


93- 


89- 


30. 


.^o. 


27- 


27- 


29- 


21.56 


1 1 .09 


31.71 


28.91 


28.07 


2 8 


301 


255 


26. 


258 


98 


64 


1 10 


99 


108 


63 


58 


78 


89 


53 


23 


8 


'7 


19 


27 


SI 


44 


64 


63 


86 


35 


35 


36 


46 


62 


342 


364 


311 


3 5 


346 


210 


150 


173 


150 


136 


34 


63 


45 


50 


59 


163 


150 


164 


126 


172 


340 


368 


402X 


372 


385 



55-62 
70. 
42. 
87. 
31- 
26.07 
276 



67 
28 

52 

47 

402 

136 

58 

138 

331 



On December 3, 1873, Oakland was 
treated to cjuite a respectable fall of snow 
— not so heavy, however, as that which 
occurred on December 31, 1882 — and as 
such meteorological luxuries do not come 
around very often, Oakland made the 
most of it. The ground on the lee side 
of buildings, and clear, open spaces, was 
covered with the flaky visitant of sufficient 
depth to enable an industrious person to 
scrape enough together to form snow-balls, 
and snow-balling was indulged in by all 
so long as the material lasted. Youngsters 
who had never seen so much snow in all 



their lives, took to the sport as naturally 
as though they had been born and reared 
in a snow-bank, and men who remembered 
the sleigh-rides they used to take " back 
in the States," became quite gleeful over 
the old familiar sight, while its presence 
developed a number of jokes and much 
pleasantry. 

Such occurrences, as may be seen, are 
very rare, and for this reason, no doubt, 
they are heralded with all the more joy 
when they do come. Our candid belief is, 
should a ri'a/ Enstcrn storm sweej) down 
upon us, il would be an unwelcome visitor. 



A Winter Scene. 



39 



GliFnate emd EealfehfulBeSS. 



^jfTVEN the lightest frosts are almost 
H^ unknown in the portion ^f the town 
G^ used for residence, which lies in or 
near the stratum of air called the 
"warm belt," that extends like a girdle 
about the valleys embraced by the Coast 
Range and its hilly offshoots. 

The sanitary conditions of the town de- 
pend severally on excellent drainage, 
neighborhood of the sea, absence of ma- 
larial vapors, evenness of temperature, 
superior quality of water used for drink- 
ing, and general freedom from the class 
of winds regarded as unhealthy. The 
north winds are the most troublesome, 
but they are the exceptional air currents 
of the year. The southeast gales strike 
the town with some force, but they are 
moist, healthful, and desirable. 

The trade winds impinge upon the 
shore of the bay with greatest violence 
near Shellmound. They are diminished 
in strength as they approach the hills, 
and in keenness by the layers of still air 
along the foot and in the canons of the 
Coast Range, which are warmed by the 
sun during the long pleasant afternoons. 
Often when San Francisco and other 
towns about the bay are enshrouded in 
fogs, Oakland has its milder airs and its 
unclouded skies and starlight. 

The district for which the following 
table has been prepared includes the 
University buildings and grounds, the 
l)Oi)ulous neighborhoods for a mile north 
and south of them, and has for its west- 
ern limit a north and south line about 
half way between East and West Berke- 
ley. The population within this area is 
about 1,300. The list covers a period of 
two years. It may be considered approx- 
imately accurate as regards cases, and al- 
most absolutely correct in respect of the 
number of deaths. 



NO. NO. 

CASES. DEATHS. 

Small-pox o o 

.Scarlet P^evcr 9 o 

Malignant Scarlet I'cvcr. ... o o 

Typhoid Fever 8 o 

Typhus Fever 6 o 

Malarial Fever 2 o 

Typho-nialarial Fever 3 o 

Bilious Fever (not known) o 

Cholera Infantum i i 

Erysipelas 4 o 

Kidney Disease 5 o 

Croup 5 o 

Bronchitis 10 o 

Diphtheria 5 o 

Tonsilitic and Tluoat I)i..a.ses 18 o 

Pneumonia 5 o 

VVhooiiiiiq; Cough 25 o 

Consumpiion 2 2 

Pleuro-pneumoii a I i 

Convulsions i i 

Diarrhea 10 o 

Measles o o 

Inflammation of Livor i i 

Heart Disease 2 i 

General Debility 2 i 

Spinal Disease 2 I 

DEATHS BY ACCIDENT. 

Upon the Rail i 

Strangulation i 

Suicide i 

Poison I 

Gunshot Wound i 

No. of deaths in two years 14 

The death-rate shown by these figures is 
phenomenal. Including deaths by acci- 
dent, it is but 7 per annum in 1,300, or a 
little over 5 in 1,000. 

Of the cases of consumption, it is only 
necessary to say that both were recent ar- 
rivals. One of the patients came to 
Berkeley a week before his death. The 
scarlet fever is invariably of mild type, 
and yields quickly to treatment. 



N January, or February at the latest, 

comes out the glory of the hyacinths, 

tulips, and their queenly allies, the 

■ early varieties of lily and gladiolus. 

At this season the beautiful family of 

acacias, most graceful of tropic shade trees, 

in almost countless varieties, are yellow 

with the profusion of their flowers, every- 




COLEMAN BLOCK COP -4 En 12^ "^ t [ ' u J^ ( ST5 OAKUAND C/^L- 



42 



A Winter Scene. 



where presenting a most pleasing contrast 
to the dark green of those rugged and ven- 
erable native live-oaks which good taste 
has left standing at random along all 
streets, in every public park and private 
lawn, their massive trunks now often 
mantled with English ivy. 

Such is the peculiar geniality of the cli- 
mate that hardly any quarter of the globe 
has failed to contribute its rare and beau- 
tiful trees and shrubs to the adornment of 
our homes. Lilac and snow-ball, laburnum 
and spircea from northern Europe; ele- 
gant ericas and brilliant tecomas from 
southern Africa; magnolias and rhodo- 
dendrons from the Carolinas; camellias 
and azaleas from Japan; cacti, yuccas, and 
agaves (century plants) from Central 
America; stately dracaenas from the Sand- 
wich Islands; palms and cistus from the 
East Indies; all these and unnumbered 
other species which at this latitude on 
other northern coasts require the shelter 
and heat of the conservatory, grow here 
uncovered, at all seasons. 

Even the giant cactus and graceful 
dasylirion from Arizona deserts do not re- 
fuse to become acclimated; while side by 
side with them there flourish, as if equall) 
at home, the firs and larches of northern 
Europe, and young specimens of the ma 
jestic sugar-pines and sequoias of the 
snowy Sierra. 

Of the rose, the queen of the floral king- 
dom, all possible varieties, the tenderest 
as well as the most hardy, reward the cul- 
tivator's care with an almost perpetual 
harvest of bloom. The graceful fuchsias 
in all their forms are, in this region, strong, 
woody climbers, overhanging arbors, or 
mantling the walls of buildings and hang- 
ing forth their drooping, flower-laden 
branches, in almost equal perfection of 
beauty, at every season of the year. 

The vast wealth of arboreal and floral 
beauty which the landscape gardener has 



here at his command, is shown delight- 
fully on many a lawn, where, on one side, 
back of the compactly-rounded heads of 
the ancient live-oaks, the tall and slender 
eucalyptus hangs its lithe and leafy 
branches, while intermediately are ranged 
the dark, stalwart ranks of vigorous pine 
and cypress. Set off by such a back- 
ground, various palms, in groups perhaps 
overshadowing a moist rockery, planted 
with delicate and graceful ferns, present a 
scene altogether tropical in its richness. 
Or one sees stretches of velvet lawn en- 
closed by hedges of scarlet-geranium, and 
dotted either with beds of verbena, petunia, 
pansy, or brilliant foliage plants, or with 
clumps of bronze-leaved canna, or silver- 
plumed pampas grass; trellises covered 
with jassamine and honeysuckle; rustic 
alcoves shaded deeply by giant fuchsias 
and fragrant heliotrope — such are a few 
mere hints at the luxury here easily at- 
tainable in the beautifying of the surround- 
ings of home. 



TEMPRRATIIRR TABI.E. 



County. 



Alameda .... Oakland . . . 

Butte Chico 

Colusa j Williams. . , 

Fresno Fresno 

Kern Sumner .... 

Los Angeles. . Los Angeles 

Merced Merced .... 

Xapa jNapa 

Sacramento . . 'Sacramento . , 



.San Diego. . . 
San Francisco 
.San Joaquin. 
Santa Cruz . . 
Santa Clara. 



San Diego. 



Temperature. 



Stockton , 
Pajaro. . . 
San Jose. 



San .Mateo . . San .Mateo. . 



Redding . 
Modesto. 
Petaluma 
Suisun . . . 



Shasta .... 
Stanislaus 
."^onoma . 
Scilano. . . 

Tehama iRed Bluff . . . 

Tulare jGoshen 

Volo W'oodland . . . 

\'uba I.Marysville. . . 



95 
114 
112 

"5 
112 
112 
112 
104 
103 
100 

94 
no 

99 
108 
104 
no 
"3 

95 
106 

"9 
116 
112 



28 
22 
22 
18 
18 
28 
20 

19 
22 

32 
25 
20 
22 
24 
25 
24 
21 
18 
25 
24 
'4 
20 



60 
64 
63 
67 
66 

65 
63 
59 
61 
61 
59 
59 
55 
57 
56 
63 
63 
56 
61 
64 
64 
62 



20 
21 
12 

7 
4 
12 
10 
25 
19 
10 

23 
14 
18 
12 
19 
39 
9 
23 
20 

27 

7 

18 



107! 24 I 64 I 17 



4^Chypehes ®f @al^laRd.f# 



-^ly-y f. 



np HERE are nearly forty churches in 
ll't the city of Oakland, of all denomi. 
^^ nations, but our space will only 
admit a notice of a few of the oldest 
of these. From the days when ''two or 
three were gathered together" under the 
shade of one of Oakland's spreading oaks, 
up to the present, the city has been the 
home of churches that have grown in 
beauty of design and magnificence of 
architecture, as the years flew by. She is 
sometimes called the "City of Spires," as 
she deserves to be, for more graceful out- 
lines are not to be found anywhere. Her 
number of devotees is large, and, in truth, 
Oakland is a city of families, boasting in 
her churches and her schools. 

We give in this work illustrations of a 
few of the most prominent churches, as 
well as brief descriptions of such as cared 
to furnish the items. All the churches 
are good buildings and have large congre- 
gations. 

Bir?Sti ReIigi©yS Sei^viseS. 

% ' — 

fN November, 1854, the Right Rever. 
end Bishop Kip made arrangements 
to have Dr. Carter's large and com- 
modious hall fitted up as a temporary 
Episcopal church, and to jierform the 
duties of pastor himself The building 



was located on Broadway. Saint John's 
Episcopal Church, however, was organized 
in June, 1852, and is the oldest church 
foundation in the city, except the Roman 
Catholic. In 1852, when Oakland was 
less than a village, having but half a dozen 
houses in it, two Episcopalian families met 
and worshiped unitedly, and thus contin- 
ued till a member of one of the families 
fell dangerously ill, when the little coterie 
ceased to meet. 

About a year later, the Rev. Dr. Ver 
Mehr, who was then rector of Grace 
Church. San Francisco, visited Oakland, 
and a meeting of twelve persons was with 
difficulty convened. Towards the close 
of the year 1853, an Episcopal clergyman, 
Rev. Mr. Morgan, appeared on a bright 
Sunday morning and read the prayers and 
preached under the branches of one of 
Oakland's shady trees. The next Sabbath- 
day the little flock in Oakland determined 
to have a covered church of some kind 
ready for the preacher ere the following 
Sunday. A large tent, 25x70 feet, was 
accordingly erected, a communion-rail put 
up, a temporary pulpit contrived, and a 
few benches arranged in the body of the 
tent. A cross outside designated the ob- 
ject of the building. But when all things 
were ready, through some accident tb.e 
clergyman came not. "Is there no min- 
ister present?" was the question asked by 
all. The Rev. Mr. Walsworth, afterwards 

(43) 






3Lja_iL. 







UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. BERKELEY. CAL. 




RESIDENCE OF J. K STEWART. BLAKE ST BERKELEV CAL. 



46 



Churches of Oakland. 



head of the Pacific Female College, then 
stood up. and said, " I am a minister but 
not an Episcopalian. I am a Presbyte- 
rian, and will preach to you if you desire 
me to do so." His offer was joyfully 
accepted and a collection of nineteen 
dollars taken up. Next day the tent and 
all the seats were bought by the Presbyte- 
rians, which was the origin of that branch 
in Oakland, who called, as their first 
pastor. Rev. Samuel B. Bell. 

First Presbyterian Church. — This 
church was organized in April, 1853, be- 
ing one of the oldest of any denomination 
in Oakland. The first services were held 
in a cloth tent, and afterwards in the pub- 
lic school-house, under the pastoral charge 
of Rev. S. B. Bell. The original church 
building occupied by this society was 
erected about 1856, at the corner of Web- 
ster and Sixth Streets, at a cost of about 
six thousand dollars. 

The present church edifice, situated 
oil the northeast corner of Fourteenth and 
Franklin Streets, was built in the year 
1875, at a cost of about filty-two thousand 
dollars, and was dedicated for public wor- 
ship January 16, 1876. It is one of the 
handsomest structures in the city. The 
present pastor, Rev. Francis A. Horton, 
assumed the pastorate April 8, 1883. 

First Congregational Church of 
Oakland is the largest church edifice, 
occupying one-half block on Clay between 
Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets. This 
church was dedicated January 21, 1879. 
Rev. J. K. McLean is pastor. 

The cost of the present structure, with 
ground and furnishing, was in the neigh- 
borhood of one hundred thousand dollars. 
It contams sittings for fourteen hundred 
persons. Its auditorium is undoubtedly 
the most complete on the Pacific Coast. 

Four other Congregational Churches 
have, since the organization of this church, 
been formed within the territory it origi- 



nally held, to all of which it has made 
liberal contributions, both of members 
and of funds. 

At the twenty-fifth annual meeting of 
the First Congregational Church of Oak- 
land, report was made that 161 members 
had been received during the year and 44 
dismissed (including deajhs) making a 
gain of 117. The total membership is at 
present 930. 

The amount raised for current expenses, 
including repairs and improvements, was 
$12,582 94; the amount for benevolence, 
$6,728.35; making a total of $19,311.29. 
The total enrollment of the Sunday-school 
is 1,074, with an average attendance of 
628. The average attendance at church 
of members of the Sunday-school was 
381; and III members of the school 
united with the church during the year. 

The annual report of the Sunday-school 
gives the following interesting items: — 

Total disbursements .f 1,302. 1 1 

Number of officers 16 

" " teachers 74 

" "scholars (seniors) 574 

" " " (juniors). , 152 

" " " (primary) 242 — 968 

" " helpers not otherwise enrolled . 24 

Total enrolled membership 1,671 

Largest attendance during the year 788 

.Smallest " " " " 274 

Average " " " " 621 

The number of deaths reported for the 
year (only three) speaks volumes for the 
health of Oakland, three deaths out of i ,6j i 
children. 

St. Paul's (Episcopal) Church is lo- 
cated on Harrison Street, near Thirteenth. 
This church has drawn within its doors a 
congregation comprising large infiuence 
and wealth from a field comparatively un- 
occupied before, and is solidly established 
on a broad temporal and spiritual basis as 
a great and growing Christian power. 
Rev. Hobart Chetwood, rector. 

St. John's (Episcopal) Church. — 
This church had an humble origin when 
Oakland numbered but a few houses, and 



Churches of Oakland. 



47 



not over one thousand inhabitants. Dur- 
ing the summer of 1852, two families met 
and worshiped unitedly. A lot was pur- 
chased on Eighth Street, in i860, and an 
edifice erected, which has been twice en- 
larged. Rev. Benj. Akerley has been 
pastor for about twenty-five years. 

Seventh-day Adventist Church — 
In January, 1876, a movement was started 



features of this body of Christians are the 
keeping of the seventh-day Sabbath, "ac- 
cording to the commandment," as also the 
doctrine of the near advent of the Lord to 
execute judgment — although no time is 
fixed for that event. They acknowledge 
no creed but the Bible, and inscribe 
upon their banner, " The commandments 
of God, and the faith of Jesus." They 




PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS. {Opuntui 

by the State Conference to secure a suit 
able location for a house of worship. 
After careful canvassing, the very desirable 
northeast corner of Clay and Thirteenth 
Streets was selected, and purchased at a 
cost of $4,000. Here a neat and com- 
modious building was erected, costing 
about twelve thousand dollars. 

As the name indicates, the distinctive 



I'ulgaris.) IN OAKLAND GARDEN. 

totally abstain from every form of intoxi- 
cating beverage, and disfellowship the-use 
of tobacco. They teach abstinence from 
tea and coffee as a doctrine of health re- 
form, but do not make it compulsory 
upon members. Eld. J. H. Waggoner is 
pastor. 

Church of the Immaculate Concept 
TiON is situated on Jefferson Street 




RESIDENCE OF MRS.M.HILLEGASS. BERKELEY, CAL. 



Oakland offers to Berkeley its stores, 
churches, and all its numerous places of 
resort, which will be brought within a fif- 
teen minutes' ride on the completion of 
the South Pacific Coast local line. Al- 
ameda, with its pleasant streets and sea- 
bathing, is scarcely more distant. Pied- 
mont Springs are within an easy drive, 
and the fair and fertile district of which j 
San Pablo is the center lies just beyond | 
the point where the Coast Range descends 
to the shore of the bay. The new drive 
around Lake Merritt is expected to be one 
of the loveliest of its kind. 



Hi@Ml EGei^e in Wintep. 



HE freshness and beauty of lawns 
and gardens m winter are delightful. 
The light frosts of the midwinter 
season only brighten the verdure of 
the hardy lawn grasses, and hardly check 
the bloom of geraniums^ pelargoniums, 
heliotrope, tender and choice roses, and 
other green-house plants which here thrive 




RESIDENCE OF F. H. LAWTON . CHANNING WAY. BERKELEY CAL. 



50 



Churches of Oakland. 



between Seventh and Eighth. The style 
of the building is early Gothic, and it 
consists of a nave, side aisles, chancel, 
and two front towers. The latter are to 
be surmounted by spires at a future period, 
but even in their present state their height 
(104 feet to the top of the pinnacles) and 
size give a highly imposing appearance to 
the front. The roof is open; on the inside 
the s[)aces between the i)rincipals and tie- 
beams, and the latter and the arch braces, 
in both nave and aisle roofs, being filled 
in with light and elegant open-work 
tracery. The ceiling is paneled and 
painted blue, with stars; the wood-work 
being painted white, with flower patterns 
with tertiary colors. At the sides the 
arch braces under the roof-timbers are 
terminated in carved niches, intended to 
receive statues of the twelve apostles. 
The cornices are also of wood, the arches 
between the naves and aisles and the 
chancel arch being, with the walls and 
ceiling under the organ gallery, the only 
plaster-work in the building. The win- 
dows are filled with rich stained glass, the 
heads being ornamented with emblematic 
figures, and the large front window being 
quite a fine specimen of artistic design. 
It is not the least satisfactory matter in 
connection with this building, that it is 
entirely the product of California design 
and workmanship. 

First Methodist Church is a large 
building on the corner of Fourteenth and 
Clay Streets. It has a large and flourish- 
ing congregation and Sunday-school. Rev. 
John Coyle is pastor. 

First Baptist Church is a handsome 
edifice at the southeast corner of Four- 
teenth and Brush Streets, and was erected 
at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, the 
lot whereon it stands having cost twenty- 
five hundred dollars. It was formally 
dedicated in March, 1869, the chapel in 
the rear having been occupied three 



months before, and used while the main 
building was being completed. The Sun- 
day-school was organized in 1S54. It has 
an attendance of thirty teachers and 
about three hundred children. The li- 
brary has some eight hundred volumes, 
which are well calculated to advance the 
reader in higher spiritual attainments. 
Rev. E. H. Gray, pastor. 

Second Congreg.vtional Church. — 
This church was organized on the 31st of 
May, 1868, in the West Oakland school- 
house. Previous to this organization a 
Sabbath-school had been held for some 
time in the school-house, and a "Relig- 
ious Society" had been formed, and 
preaching services had been conducted 
by Prof. Martin Kellogg, of the College of 
California. On the loth of May, 1868, 
this society was dissolved, and in its place 
the "Second Congregational Religious 
Society of Oakland" was formed, of which 
the same persons were elected trustees. 
In 1874 measures were taken for purchas- 
ing a lot and building a church on Chase 
Street, the one now occupied by the 
church. The following year the old build- 
ing was removed to the rear of this lot, 
and fitted up for a lecture room; and a 
neat and commodious church edifice was 
erected at a cost for building and furniture 
of eleven thousand dollars. It was dedi- 
cated December 26, 1875. 

The Salvation Army has just com- 
pleted a new building on Eighth Street. 
The " castle," the first building erected 
by the Army on the Pacific Coast, is 
ninety feet long, forty -four feet wide, and 
two stories high. The main room, on the 
first floor, will accommodate six hundred 
or seven hundred people. In the upper 
story will be the otifice of Major Wells, 
Division Commander, and of Captain 
Cozens, of the First California Corps. 
These officers will also live in the build- 
ing- 



-4^¥he E'ubliQ S(ih©©ls.^^ 



-x^^juifh^innn^^ 



fubliG Sgh0©ls ef SaKland. 



HE education of youth is amply pro- 
vided for by the city. There are 
seventeen roomy, well-lighted, and 
well-ventilated school buildings with 
a seating capacity of 6,000, which is 600 
more than the average daily attendance. 
These are conveniently placed in the dif- 
ferent wards according to the concentra- 
tion of population. At the head of the 
list stands the High School, with classi- 
cal, scientific, and literary courses, well 
supplied with school apparatus, accom- 
plished teachers, and thoroughly compe- 
tent to fit pupils for the colleges and uni- 
yersities of the country, or for any sphere 
in life. It has been for the last fifteen 
years in charge of Prof. J. B. McChesney. 
The teachers of the public schools are 
selected from the most experienced mem- 
bers of the profession to be found on the 
Pacific Coast. Many of the buildings 
have grounds ornamented with trees, 
shrubs, and flowers. Surroundings and 
appliances are agreeable, and in the mild, 
healthy, and stimulating air, pupils find 
every incentive to study. There is prob- 
ably no other city in the world where 
nature supplies so many aids. The aggre- 
gate value of the school property is over 



$400,000. which in convenience, comfort, 
and educational advantages represents 
twice the amount in any Eastern city, 
where, owing to a vigorous climate, school 
buildings are necessarily of a more sub- 
stantial kind. 

The following figures are taken from 
the annual report of City Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, J. C. Gilson. to the 
State Superintendent. The figures relate 
to the public schools within the city. 

Number of classes, employing one 
teacher each, 133; made up of 46 grammar 
classes, 8 High School classes, one com- 
mercial class, two evening classes, and 76 
primary classes. 

Number of boys enrolled on register, 
3,964; girls, 3,951; total, 7,915. Average 
number belonging, 5,830.65; average daily 
attendance, 5,608.83. Percentage of at- 
tendance, 96.20. 

The pupils are distributed as follows: 
In High School, 379; grammar grades, 
2,398; primary grades, 5,138. 

Number of teachers, 142— male, 13; fe- 
male, 129. There are 115 teachers with 
first-grade certificates and 23 with second- 
grade certificates. 

The number of teachers who are gradu- 
ates of the State Normal School is 18; 
graduates of other State Normal schools, 

(51) 



8pganizafei®Fi ©i ynivepSifey- 



pN accordance with the organic act, the 
Board of Regents was composed of 
twenty-two members, of whom the 
following were ex officio: The Gov- 
erns and Lieutenant-Governor of Cali- 
fornia, the Speaker of the Assembly, the 
State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion, the President of the State Agricult- 
ural Society, and the President of the 
Mechanics' Institute of San Francisco. 
Of the remaining sixteen, eight were to be 
appointed by the Governor, with the ap- 
proval of the State Senate, and eight were 
to be honorary members, chosen from the 
body of the State by the official and ap- 
pointed members. 

Prof. LeConte in conjunction with the 
Committee on Instruction prepared a 
synopsis of a course of study appropriate 
to the colleges of the University. They 
are now as follo\^s: — 



I . College of Letters ; 2. College of Ag- 
riculture ; 3- College of Mechanics; 4. 
College of Mining ; 5. College of Engi- 
neering ; 6. College of Chemistry ; 7. 
Literary Course; 8. Course in Letters and 
Political Science. 

The University began its labors in the 
buildings at Oakland on the 23d of Sep- 
tember, and the first graduating exercises 
were held in June, 1873, in a church in 
Oakland. The new buildings were occu- 
pied the next September. Prof. LeConte 
had the active co-operation of J. W. 
Dwindle during the arduous work of or- 
ganization. He acted as president for 
more than a year, presided at the first 
commencement exercises, and conferred 
the first degrees on a graduating class of 
three, who had been advanced students 
in the College of California. During his 
incumbency several measures of vital im- 
portance were taken, among which were 
the selection of suitable building-plans, 
making tuition free, the adoption of the 
Rules of Order and General Regulations. 




RESIDENCE OF PHILIP TEARE. WALNUT ST. BERKELEY. CAL. 



54 



Oakland High School. 



15; teachers who hold life diplomas, 64; 
State educational diplomas, 21; first-grade 
city certificates, 119; second-grade city 
certificates, 23. 

EXPENDITURES. 

Teachers, salaries $135,12285 

Rents, repairs, fuel, etc 27,333 11 

School library 738 65 

School apparatus 210 00 

Sites, buildings, and furniture I9>559 32 

Total expenditures $182,963 93 

RECEIPTS. 

Balance on hand July i, 1884 $ 17,066 96 

F'rom non-resident pupils 1,54740 

From city taxation 57. 7°' 75 

From county taxation 30.957 o' 

From State taxation 75.°93 24 

Total receipts $182,366 36 

SCHOOL PROPERTY VALUATION. 

Lots, school-houses, and furniture $411,50000 

School libraries 2,700 00 

School apparatus 5>250 00 

Total value of school property $419,450 00 



iubliG eif^d Pj^ivafee Sshooli^. 



'he High School, which is the head 
H of the Public School Department of 
this city, has long been the pride of 
the citizens of Oakland. Its rank 
among the foremost educational institu- 
tions on this coast entitles it to the high 
esteem of the public, and the liberal sup- 
port it has always received. It needs no 
praise from us, but is able to stand upon 
its own merits and sustain the enviable 
reputation it has achieved. 

The Oakland High School was organ- 
ized July 12, 1869, with twenty-nine pu- 
pils. The curriculum adopted provided 
a liberal course in natural science, mathe- 
matics, literature, and language, requiring 
three years for its completion. For the first 
two years the classes were accommodated 
in connection with a grammar school, but 
at the commencement of the third year 
they were moved to the commodious 
building situated at the corner of Central 
Avenue and Market Street. At first but 
one teacher was employed; now there are 
nine. J. B. McChesney is principal. 



HE University buildings are large and 
commodious. The public schools of 
Berkeley also occupy handsome 
buildings, and are supjjlied with 
competent instructors. The Kellogg 
School at East Berkeley stands near 
Strawberry Creek, and almost in the 
shadow of the old oaks of the University. 
The merits of the Kellogg School have 
been recognized by the State University 
in admitting its graduates on certificate 
of Principal. Since the adoption of this 
policy by the University it has been 
among the first to secure this jirivilege. 
To non-resident pupils the Kellogg 
School offers advantages which cannot be 
enjoyed elsewhere in the State. The 
central location of the school makes it 
equally accessible to residents from all 
quarters of Berkeley ; the tuition fees of 
non-resident pupils contribute materially 
to its support ; while its intimate con- 
nection with the grades below, render it 
the common ambition of graduates of the 
San Pablo and Kellogg schools. 

The West Berkeley public school, as 
will be seen by our illustration, is also a 

fine structure. 

Bowens Academy was opened January 

2, 1884, under the name of the Home 
School for Boys. By request of many 
of the patrons and well-wishers of the 
Institution, the name of the School was 
changed into that of Bowens Academy. 
The success of the school has been 
marked from the beginning, each term 
bringing its increase, and the prospects 
for the future are most encouraging. 

The Principal of the School is a gradu- 
ate of one of the oldest and highest Uni- 
versities of Europe. He has had an 
experience in teaching of over twenty 
years, six of which were spent teaching in 
this State. 



■Ml 



'T^l^e liibpapies. 






-~"^--— ^f^- 



B^ee fubliG liibpaPY- 

Oakland takes pride in the free 
public library which is located in 
the library building on the corner of 
Fourteenth and Washington Streets. 
First opened November 7, 1 878; contained, 
June I, 1883, 9,229 volumes. There are 
about 7,000 members; the average monthly 
circulation is about 12,000 volumes. Of 
the total books drawn out about 60 per 
cent is classed as fiction, and the remain- 
ing is classed as history, geography, trav- 
els, poetry, and fiction in proportion as 
named. The library is open from 9 a. m. 
to 8 p. M., daily except Sundays. 

The reading-room in this building oc- 
cupies the first floor and is well furnished 
with news and periodical literature of the 
day. It receives over 100 papers and 
25 magazines. The rooms are open daily 
from 7 to 9 o'clock. There are also free 
reading-rooms at East and West Oakland. 
All are managed by a Board of Trustees 
elected by the people, who also manage 
the library. The following comprise the 
Board of Trustees: C. W. Kellogg, R. G. 
Graham, J. B. McChesney, J. H. Boalt, 
S. H. Melvin. 



Mi Bell©ws' LiibPeiPY. 



UGUST 12, 1S67, there was a meet- 
3>^ ing of Odd Fellows for the purpose 
xW" of founding a library, and it was de- 
termined to establish an association, 
to be composed of such members of the 
Order as might choose to unite with it 
The first event of any imi)ortance was the 
transfer of 295 volumes from the '• Oak- 
land Philomathean Ljbrary Association," 
immediately followed by a large donation 
from W. W. Crane, Jr , and in quick suc- 
cession by smaller donations from many 
individuals. There is at present in the 
library or in circulation 4,300 well-selected 
volumes. 

The Odd Fellows Society and their 
families are the only persons entitled to 
draw books from the library, but others 
are always welcome to examine the books 
in the library for reference, and many are 
daily availing themselves of the privilege. 
It is in the Odd Fellows' Hall on north- 
west corner of Eleventh and Franklin 
Streets. There are about 700 members, 
and the average monthly circulation is 
about 1,500 volumes. The library is 
opened from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m., daily, 

(55) 




Il2!i;«yi4^.siii,«»^*«^t<»?^*«^«^^^ 



RESIDENCE OF ROBERT STEWART. DWIGHT WAV. BERKELEY CAL. 




.-■...^-^•^/.i^^!^^^^^^^;^^ 



COTTAGE OF CHAS.K. CLARK. ESO. BERKELEY, CAL. 



58 



Library of the Umvkrsitv 



except Sundays. The librarian is P. J. 

Ipsen. 

Oakland contains a great many Sunday- 
school libraries. Among the largest are 
the First Presbyterian, First Congrega- 
tional, I'irst Methodist, St. John's, St. 
Paul's, and the Y. M. C. A. The State 
University library is also a large and valu- 
able collection, described in another jibce. 



ijibpaPY ©f' ^^® Uniuer?Si1^Y 



'HE General Library, containing now- 
over twenty-two thousand volumes, 
has been arranged with a view to 
making it especially valuable as a 
reference library. It receives a large 
number of periodical publications, liter- 
ary, scientific, and general. Furnished 
with author and subject catalogues and 
full indexes, the library is preeminently 
a working collection. It is being con- 
stantly augmented by gift and purchase, 
especially from the income of the Reese 
Fund of $50,000. The beautiful and 
commodious Bacon Building affords abun- 
dant space for further growth. 

The library began with one thousand 
volumes transferred with the property of 
the College of California. It has since 
rapidly increased. The present yearly 
income of about $4,000 is from a bequest 
of $50,000, made by Michael Reese. 
The library must grow from similar accre- 
tions, large and small. Its future mag- 
nificence will depend, therefore, largely 
on the liberality of wealthy citizens and 
the grateful gifts of those who have expe- 
rienced the benefits of the University. 
As the library is a department of the 
University, the property of the State, and 
accessible to all citizens, it will be spe- 
cially interesting and valuable to resi- 
dents of Berkeley. 




CKNTURY PLANT IN AN OAKLAND GARDl 



fapl^s and flaGes sf RessFl. 



-^^^a/i/h^innn^^ 



Blaip'g E^a^I^. 

! LAIR'S PARK is a secluded and 
shady nook in a ravine or canon of 
the foot-hills, and reached by the 
Piedmont cars. It has peculiar 
charms for picnic parties from the city 
and Oakland. With characteristic public 
spirit and good taste Mr. Blair has taken 
advantage of the natural surroundings of 
the gorge and of its native trees, and, by 
constructing walks and creating dams and 
bridges, has added to the natural charms 
of the locality. The walks are con- 
structed without regard to the points of 
the compass, and the happy consequence 
is that, instead of uniform monotonous 
straight lines, there is a variety with nat- 
ural curves and grades. 

There is one quite large lake surrounded 
with oaks, laurel, and other trees, making 
it a delightful resort. In another place 
the creek has been dammed up by a sub- 
stantial stone wall, thus forming a perfect 
little gem of a lake, from which the water 
falls by a beautiful cascade as shown in 
our sketch. The gentle undulations, the 
graceful slopes, the abrupt acclivities of 
the hills, all carpeted with the soft green- 
sward, which, bedecked and bespangled 
with an endless variety pf brilliant wild 



flowers intermingled with those of more 
modest hue, but not, therefore, less beau- 
tiful; the surface dotted here and there 
with copses of native shrubbery, the flow- 
ering madrona, the evergreen oak, the 
lofty and wide-spreading laurel, — all these 
constitute an extended and lovely parterre, 
which gratifies the eye, and constantly ap- 
peals with an irresistible charm to the in- 
nate sense of the beautiful. 

On one side of the gorge is the narrow 
road, or highway, clinging to the hill-side, 
while at the bottom of the short, deep 
declivity the merry brooklet dances among 
the rocks. Tall brakes wave over its 
mossy banks, and here may be found their 
more delicate sisters, — 

"The witching tangle of the maiden-hair, 

The sweet grace of the gold and silver ferns, 
The nodding coffee-fern with beauty rare," — 

Intermingled with a profusion of trailing 
vines and softly-tinted woodland denizens. 

The sprightly little stream is spanned by 
a rustic foot-bridge, as shown in our illus- 
tration. 

He who climbs the hill is enchanted 
with the landscape spread before him, — a 
view of the Golden Gate, and on out, till 
the eye catches the dim outlines of the 
Farallone Islands, some thirty miles away. 
One of the most magnificent views to be 

(59) 



60 



Piedmont Strings. 



seen anywhere can be obtained by follow- 
ing up the pathway leading to the top of 
the mountain. 

On either side the visitor will see, ex- 
cept in the six months of midsummer, 
wild flowers in countless numbers, far 
handsomer and more delicate than the 
common garden flowers of the Eastern 
States. 

Occasional glimpses of the sea, or of 
the hills dotted with purple shadows, will 
delight him, also the air, which most of 
the time is mild and bracing. 

To reach Blair's Park take the Piedmont 
cars at A\'ashington Street on the arrival 
of the local train. 



flfiHIS beautiful cemetery is located in 
a northeasterly part of Oakland and 
easily reached by the Piedmont 
street-car line. It is two and one. 
half miles from the city hall, and is a 
beautiful place and well worth a visit. Its 
avenues are lined by choice flowers and 
supplied by beautiful fountains. There 
are handsome and costly monuments scat- 
tered through the grounds. 

The plan of the Mountain View Cem- 
etery was laid out by Mr. Frederick Law 
Olmstead, one of the most distinguished 
experts in landscape gardening, and his 
recommendations for its improvement and 
ornamentation are being carried out as 
nearly as possible. 

It is recommended that each family lot 
contain one monument, with space for the 
several inscriptions likely to be recjuired. 
(ireater beauty will thus be secured than by 
separate head and foot stones. It is also 
more api)ropriate that the deceased mem- 
bers of a family be laid to rest around one 
monument, and that their names be 
grouped upon one tablet. 

It is a part of the duty of the Superin- 



tendent to explain the plans to persons 
wanting lots, to give information concern- 
ing the choice of trees, their adaptation to 
the soil, and their arrangement with refer- 
ence to the landscape. The laying out 
and platting of the extensive grounds of 
this association was the work of Frederick 
Law Olmstead, and the plans throughout 
bear the mark of a master hand. 

Improvements are constantly being 
made, and the grounds, naturally pictur- 
esque, are receiving all the embellishments 
that art can suggest. 

Entering this broad gateway, which is 
flanked by lodges and an inclosing wall, 
the road diverges into three separate ave- 
nues, the one on the left leading to the 
Catholic, the central one to the Hebrew, 
and the right hand to the Protestant 
quarter. 

To the present time about six thousand 
interments have been made. The ceme- 
tery grounds are easy of access, the Pied- 
mont street-cars running to the gateway. 



Piedm©Fi1i SpFJF^gS and Sup- 
Feui^dings. 

fROM San Francisco and the bay a 
cluster of houses can be seen far up 
^y;} in the foot-hills, where they merge 
in the steeper ascents of the Coast 
Range. This is Piedmont, a place of re- 
tired elegance and unlimited prospect. It 
has an altitude of from three to six hun- 
dred feet, and is therefore above the frost- 
line. It enjoys comparative freedom from 
the fogs that cover the plains below. The 
trade-wmds lose much of their severity be- 
fore they reach it. 

P>om no point can the peculiarities of 
the scenery of the region be better ob- 
served. The hills rise above into peaks 
crowned with farms and wooded lands. 
Below, they fall away in graceful undula- 
tions. Here the eucalyptus shows masses 



|||i[ir(7llllllllllllll:llllll|t{!lll!ii|{lllllllll 




62 



Neptune Gardens. 



of forest. There it clusters in groves, 
stretches out in martial lines, or expands 
in squares of military exactness. The 
chaparral covers with its mantle of dark 
green the great wrinkles of the hill-sides. 
The view combines the boldness of mount- 
ain scenery with the soft and pleasing 
qualities of English landscape. From 
every point, hill, plain, city, and ocean is 
visible and present an enchanted view to 
the beholder. 

Many eligible sites are already occupied 
with dwellings that fit into their handsome 
surroundings as into a natural framework. 
On one sightly knoll stands the home of 
James Gamble, formerly Superintendent 
of the Western Union Telegraph Com- 
pany. An artist has made a sketch of 
this fine place, and it appears in our illus- 
trations of fine residences. The grounds 
are on a location commanding the entire 
country from the Napa and Solano Hills 
to Mount Bache in the Santa Cruz Range. 
Its sloping lawns are filled with trees and 
shrubbery artistically arranged. Many 
well-known men have purchased lots in 
Piedmont, on which they intend building. 
A. N. Towne, General Manager of the 
Central Pacific Railroad, has chosen one 
of the most desirable locations. 

A line of street-cars, which winds up 
through fields, groves, orchards, and ave- 
nues set with cedar and red-stemmed eu- 
calyptus, affords easy and pleasant access 
to Piedmont. Water is supplied abun- 
dantly from living springs, and from pipes 
connecting with the city water works. 
Gas is also plentifully supplied and can be 
had at a moment's notice. 

Springs containing sulphur, magnesia, 
and iron flow from the hill-sides, and pos- 
sess such rare medicinal virtues that the 
place would quickly become a fashionable 
health resort, were hotel accommodations 
furnished, and were the presence of fash- 
ion desired. 



|^(,|HE Neptune Gardens and Long 
Branch Baths were constructed by 



The big pavilion combines the feat- 
ures of an immense roller skating rink, 
dancing pavilion, refreshment saloon, cafe 
chantant, or military drill-room, as necessity 
required. The site chosen was on the 
beach line just under a small bluff that 
bounds the Neptune (iarden on its water 
front. Here a foundation was laid by 
pile driving in the sand, no less than 710 
piles being driven ten feet apart down to 
hard bottom, and a structure reared that 
now, in a nearly completed state, measures 
413x150 feet. The floor, which is about 
this area, is laid with asphalt cement over 
timbers, and the space from it to the 
bridge of the roof is fifty feet in the center, 
sloping to twenty-eight feet at the sides. 
A line of twelve heavy columns in the 
center helps to support the twenty-one 
trusses that form the roof cap, the trusses 
being braced by iron rods and the roof 
shingled. Two hundred and fifty thou- 
sand feet of lumber have been used in the 
construction of the pavilion. These 
places of resort are reached by the cars of 
the Southern Pacific Railroad from either 
San Francisco or Oakland every half hour. 



There are three theaters generally in 
successful operation. The oldest is Dietz 
Opera House, situated on the corner of 
Twelfth and Webster Streets. 

Oakland Theater is the largest building 
used for theatrical plays and will scat 
a very large number of people. It is 
located on Twelfth Street near Webster 
and is only one story high and very con- 
venient of entrance and exit. 

The Park Theater is, as its name indi- 
cates, situated opposite the City Hall Park 
and under new management has improved. 



64 



Museums of the University. 



ynivePSitT Museums. 



ItHR museums of the University at 
Berkeley are made up from mate- 
rials obtained mainly from the fol- 
lowing sources : The State Geologi- 
cal Collection, which has been placed at 
the disposal of the University ; the Vox 
Collection, consisting of a large number of 
fossils, minerals, rocks, etc., collected by 
Mr. C. D. Voy, and presented to the 
University by D. O. Mills, Esq.; the 
Pioche Collection, an extensive miscella- 
neous collection of oil paintings, mineials, 
rocks, ores, shells, etc., from all parts ot 
the world, and especially from South 
America, presented to the University by 
the late F. L. A. Pioche ; the Hanks Col- 
lection, consisting of miscellaneous min- 
erals and rocks, presented by James R. 
Keene, Esq., of San Francisco; oil paint- 
ings and statuary, presented by Henry D. 
Bacon ; purchase by the University, and 
current donations. 

The Museum of Fine Arts, first 
opened on May 29, 1882, is located in 
the Bacon Art and Library Building. It 
contains sixty-six paintings and three 
pieces of statuary, pre.sented by Henry D. 
Bacon, and several paintings. 

The Museum of Classical Arch.-e- 
OLOdV contains a small cabinet of coins 
and medals, including over four hundred 
ancient coins, mostly Roman, about three 
hundred and fifty medals, and a like 
number of modern coins. 

The Museum of Ethnology contains 
many remarkable stone implements and 
skulls from the Pacific Coast. 

The Museum of Zoology contains a 
small collection of mammals, birds, rep- 
tiles, fishes, and recent mollusks and ra- 
diates. 

The Museum of Entomology contains 
the collection of beetles made by Mr. 



E. Ricksecker. It contams over two 
thousand species, well determined, and 
fully accessible for purposes of instruction. 

The Museum of Botany contains a 
valuable herbarium of Australian plants, a 
collection of native woods, cones, and 
photographs of the characteristic trees of 
California. The private collection of 
Professor Hilgard, containing some twelve 
thousand specimens of American and for- 
eign plants, is deposited in the agricult- 
ural lecture room for the use of the stu- 
dents. 

The Museum of Historical Geol- 
ogy is in process of formation. 

The Museum of Pal-eontology con- 
tains a full suite of the fossils of Califor- 
nia, both animal and vegetable. 

The Museum of Petrography con- 
tains many foreign rocks, but is especially 
rich in California material, collected by 
the corps of the State Geological Survey, 
and by Mr. C D. Voy. 

The Museum of Economic Geology, 
although so recently founded, is already 
large, and is in frequent receipt of valu- 
able acquisitions from all parts of the Pa- 
cific Coast. 

The Museum of Mineralogy is very 
large and fully arranged, and is supplied 
with ample case room. 

The Museum of Metallurgy is de- 
signed to illustrate the metallurgical proc- 
esses pursued at all the mills and reduc- 
tion works on the coast, by means of sets 
of specimens from each establishment, 
showing ores, fluxes, fuels, roasted prod- 
ucts, slags, chlorination products, etc. 

The Museum of Models contains a 
small but valuable collection of machine 
and furnace models. 

The Museum of Agriculture con- 
tains a collection of about eight hundred 
specimens of the soils of this State, to 
which frequent additions are made. The 
interest is good in this de|)artment. 



GO 



Public Parks. 



Shell lAouDd E>cipI\. 

nf|HIS park is situated between Emery 
l| Station and the Oakland Trotting 
hJx Park, on tlie Berkeley Railroad, and 
is reached every thirty minutes, 7'/a 
Oakland Ferry, from San Francisco. It 
derives its name from one of the ancient 
Indian shell-mounds, which is still in a 
fine state of preservation, and rises to a 
height of sixty feet, its summit being 
crowned with a dancing pavilion. The 
park was first opened as a holiday resort 
in 1876, by E. Wiard, but in 1880 it was 
leased for ten years to Capt. Ludwig Siebe, 
who has made various and extensive im- 
provements within the domain. The park 
contains two of the largest dancing pavil- 
ions on the Pacific Coast, a race track for 
games, with covered seats accommodating 
2,000 people; turning apparatus, swings, 
flying-horses, bowling-alley, a shooting- 
range, containing four thirty-yard targets, 
one one hundred-yard target, twelve two 
hundred-yard targets, and four five hun- 
dred-yard targets; fruit and ice-cream 
stand, and shooting-gallery, and a dining- 
room, where meals are served in good 
order to the satisfaction of the public in 
general. 



.JHIS tract was originally laid out in 
1871, by v.. Wiard, the present pro- 
prietor, and is justly considered 
among the finest on the Pacific 
Coast. It is one mile in circumference, 
being also fitted with all modern and nec- 
essary improvements. It contains 200 
box-stalls for horses, and 200 cattle-stalls, 
and is situated op])Osite Shell Mound 
Park, on the line of the Central Pacific 
Railroad, trains i)assing it every half hour. 
In 1879 it was here that the famous St. 
Tulian lowered the record of the world. 



and trotted a mile in two minutes twelve 
and a quarter seconds. 



tin HESE excursion grounds, situated in 
'j * Alameda, were opened to the pub- 
lic early in the year 1868, and are 
the property of the Schutzen Loan 
and Building Society. They comprise 
between seven and eight acres of land, 
and contain all the necessary apparatus to 
make it a place of resort and picnic 
grounds. There are a dancing pavilion, 
swings, shooting-ranges, and other things 
of interest and attraction. 



HE visitor will be amply paid for 
the time in making a visit to the 
large nursery of R. Groves, situated 
between Shell Mound Park and the 
Race Track. Take the San Pablo Avenue 
cars. Here will be found ferns and orna- 
mental plants in great variety. Hundreds 
of varieties of roses, fruit-trees, and shrubs 
of numerous kinds have been shipped to 
various points on the coast. Mr. Groves' 
reputation for rose culture is unsurpassed, 
as well as his taste and success in the 
growth of an endless variety of plants, 
flowers, fruit and ornamental trees, espe- 
cially adapted to this delightful and un- 
surpassed climate. 



PubliG SquapeS ©p E'aplxS. 

HERE are eight squares and two 
plazas in Oakland, but only a few 
of these have been improved. La- 
fayette Square, on which is located 
the Observatory, has been laid out to lawn 
and graveled walks, fountains, and flowers, 
with the Observatory in the center. Jef- 




A'liiM^i k^^ ^Mm 



m 



Public Squares and Parks. 



ferson Square has also been considerably 
improved, and is beautiful in its native 
live-oaks. 

The squares are as follows: — 

Franklin, bounded by Fourth. Franklin, 
Fifth, and Broadway; 3oo.\20o ft.; valued 
at $75,000. 

Harrison, bounded by Sixth, Alice, 
Seventh, and Harrison Streets; 300x200 
ft.; valued at $17,000. 

Independence, bounded by East Six- 
teenth Street, Eighteenth Avenue, East 
Nineteenth Street, and Sixteenth Avenue; 
660x660 ft.; valued at $25,000. 

Jefferson, bounded by Sixth, Jefferson, 
Seventh, and drove Streets; 300x200 ft. ; 
valued at $90,000. 

Lafayette, bounded by Tenth, Jefferson, 
Eleventh, and Grove Streets; 300x200 ft.; 
valued at $28,000. 

Madison, bounded by Eighth, Oak, 
Ninth, and Madison Streets; 300x200 ft.; 
valued at $28,000. 



Oakland, bounded by Tenth, Alice, 
Eleventh, and Harri.son Streets; 300x200 
ft.; valued at $28,000. 

Washington, bounded l)y Fourth, Broad- 
way, Fifth, and Washington; 300x200 ft.; 
valued at $90,000. 

Clinton I'laza, bounded by Twelfth, 
Street, Seventh Avenue, East F'ourteenth 
Street, and Sixth Avenue; 300x160 ft.; 
valued at $6,000. 

Caroline Square, between Second and 
Third Avenue, north of East Fifteenth 
Street; 300x300 ft.; valued at $14,000. 

City Hall Park, 143x207 ft, and 422 ft. 
on Fourteenth Street and 276 ft. on San 
Pablo Avenue; valued at $140,000. 

In May, 1859. Washington Square was 
given to the county, and. at a later period, 
Franklin Scjuare, which was op])Osite, on 
condition tliat the county buildings, C'ourt 
House and Hall of Rc( ords, be located 
there. 




COUNTY lOLlKT MOUSE, 



■^Emv&iUe S8l^©8ls.«#- 



f pivatie B8h©©ls. 



0:ESIDES the public schools, the Uni- 
% versity and the Medical College, there 
■^.Ijh are some twenty-four private schools, 
with about seven hundred pupils. 
Among the {principal ones we may men- 
tion the Home School for Young Ladies; 
Notre Dame Academy. Alameda; Pagoda 
Hill Kindergarten; D. P. Sackett's School 
for Young Men; California Military Acad- 
emy; Hopkins x\cademy; Oakland Busi- 
ness College ; St. Joseph's Presentation 
Academy; Convent of Our Lady of the 
Sacred Heart; Miss Humphrey's School; 
St. Mary's Academy; St. Lawrence School; 
Harmon Seminary; Oakland Normal 
School ; Miss Horton's School, and St. 
Joseph's Academy, conducted by the 
Christian Brothers. 



for reaching the place are frequent and 
convenient. The course of studies em- 
braces the various branches of a solid and 
useful education. The scholastic year 
commences the second week in July, and 
ends the last of May. 

It is situated on Chestnut Street, 
between San Antonio and San Jose 
Avenues, and easily reached by railroads 
or street-cars. AVe present our readers 
with a page view of this institution. 




'HIS institution conducted by the 
Sisters of Notre Dame — a branch of 
College of Notre Dame, San Jose- 
affords an opportunity of procuring 
for young girls, at a very moderate expense, 
a good moral and intellectual education. 
The academy is favorably situated in 
Alameda near the bay. The climate of 
Alameda is not surpassed, and the facilities 



SaGl^eliti SgF^©©1. 

^NE of the most substantial prepara- 
tory schools of California is the 

^1; Sackett School, Hobart Street, Oak- 
and. It was founded in 1878, by 
its present ])roprietor. Prof. D. P. Sackett. 
With modest beginnings the school slowly 
but surely came into prominence until it 
has twice become necessary to enlarge 
the building to accommodate the increas- 
ing patronage. Hand in hand with this 
increase of patronage has gone an en- 
largement of facilities offered to the 
students. 

Three lines of street-cars pass within 
about a block of the school premises, but 
they are most directly reached by the 
Telegraph Avenue line from the Broad- 

(69) 



70 



Private Schools. 



way railway station, the time from San 
Francisco being forty minutes. 

The location of the school is central, 
and yet as retired and remote from the 
din and bustle of the city as though it were 
miles away in the country. 

Attention is especially directed to the 
home-like and attractive grounds, and to 
the internal arrangement of the buildings 
looking to the convenience and comfort 
of the students. 

The institution is pledged to furnish 
the most careful, intellectual, and moral 
training. The best instruction is pro- 
vided by teachers of large experience and 
recognized ability- The foremost journal 
of our country has recently used the fol- 
lowing language addressed to the school 
department of New York City: "Strengthen 
the />(7s/s of the school system before you 
increase the superstructure. Teach few 
things, but teach them so they will be a/>- 
solutely known. First give the child what 
will be essential for the practical business 
of life, an! a basis for self-improvement.'' 
This sentiment coincides exactly with 
the teaching and aims of this school. 
Thoroughness is insisted on, without 
which the student is practically helpless, 
and on which, as a foundation, all sound 
education must rest. 

The school provides three distinct de- 
partments of instruction, viz., the Aca- 
demic, including Classical, English, and 
Commerical courses; the Intermediate and 
the Primary. The schedule of studies 
is arranged to carry students from the 
earliest proce.sses of education to the point 
where th'jy shall have acquired the prej)- 
aration necessary to enable them to enter 
the University of California, or any East- 
ern university or college; to fit them for 
the best scientific schooLs, or for business, 
as may be desired. 

The recreation of the students is regu- 
lar and wholesome. Aside from the 



usual outdoor games of foot-ball and 
base-ball, a gymnasium has been built, 
directly in the rear of the main building, 
which is equipped with most approved 
kinds of apparatus, consisting of ladders, 
rings, parallel bars, vaulting bars, Indian 
clubs, etc. 

No substitute has yet been found for 
the voluntary, vigorous, daily exercise of 
the student in the open air. Health of 
body and grasp of mind alike depend 
upon this. Hence no pains have been 
spared to make the department of physical 
culture equal in its efficiency to the moral 
and the intellectual training of the school. 

A reading and social room has also 
been provided, where the best dailies, 
scientific journals, and magazines will 
always be found. 

Day scholars as well as boarding ])upils 
are received into the school and share all 
of its advantages. 

The present graduating class is the 
largest in the history of the school. It 
includes candidates for the Sophomore 
Class of our State University, for Yale 
College, and for active business life. The 
school as a whole, notwithstanding busi- 
ness depression, is larger than it was one 
year ago, thus showing the interest and 
sympathy of the people at large, which the 
institution richly deserves to have. 



fOHE Pagoda Hill Kindergarten de- 
rived its name from the hill on 
which it was situated at the time of 
its opening, in January, 1863, a place 
among the foot-hills of Oakland, north of 
Temescal. 

The hill was so named by the late J. 
Ross Browne, near whose residence was 
that of Miss Alice Phelps, the ]Drincipal 
of the Kindergarten. The school was 
opened at the principal's own house, Jan- 




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1:3 ■£ 



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Hopkins Academy. 



uary 2, 1883. Although twenty children 
had been ])ronii.sed, only seven were there 
oil the morning of the first day, all living 
in the immediate vicinity. 

\Vithin a month, applications came for 
children living in Oakland, and they were 
brought to the school and taken home 
in the family carriage. As the number 
increased, a larger conveyance became 
necessary, and in May a large and com- 
fortable bus was running between Oakland 
and Pagoda Hill, and was soon well filled 
with children from all parts of Oakland. 
Although the situation on the hill was a 
most delightful one, and the ride to and 
from the city one of great benefit to the 
little travelers, it soon became evident, 
from the increasing numbers, that it would 
be impossible to accommodate them all, 
either in the omnibus or at the house. 
Accordingly, in January of the next year 
the school was opened at 1513 Telegraph 
Avenue, Oakland, in a large, sunny house, 
well adapted for the purpose, and, in a 
short time, between fifty and sixty little 
ones were in daily attendance. 

The present term began July 13, 1885, 
and the number enrolled, thirty-five, the 
older children who were in attendance the 
year before having gone to public .schools. 

The omnibus leaves the house at 7:30 
A. M., to gather up the children, a teacher 
always being present to care for them. 
Two trips are made, the first to take in 
children from one part of town, who are 
lett at the house about 8:30 o'clock; the 
second trip is made to the opposite side 
of town, for the remaining children. The 
second load reaches the house at 9:30, 
the hour for oi)ening. 

There are two teachers in the Kinder- 
garten, one the principal. Miss M. A. 
Phelps, the other, her assistant, Miss Anna 
Warner, who has been with Miss Phelps 
from the opening of the school. Both 
are graduates of the California Kinder- 



garten Training School, of San Francisco. 
Mrs. C. B. Pheli)s, the mother of the 
principal, is of material assistance in caring 
for the children, always attending them in 
the trips to and from school. 

A cordial invitation is given to the 
public to visit the Kindergarten. Visitors 
are welcome on any day at any hour be- 
tween 9:30 A. M. and 3:00 P. M. 

I'or any further particulars see circular, 
which can be procured at the Kinder- 
garten, 15 13 Telegraph Avenue, Oakland. 



RopKiFiS MeadeFFiY. 



REV. H. E. JEWETT, PRINCIPAL 



HE academy buildings stand upon a 
low hill in the city of Oakland, on a 
line with Thirty-fourth Street, be- 
tween Telegraph Avenue and Broad- 
way. The grounds comprise several acres, 
a portion of which is laid out in a lawn 
and drives, and a portion reserved for a 
play-ground. The location is healthful, 
retired, and beautiful. It may be reached 
by either the Telegraph Avenue or the 
Broadway and Piedmont line of horse- 
cars. The carriage entrance is on Webster 
Street. 




HOPKINS acade:\iv. 

Hopkins Academy, like Phillips Acad- 
emy, in Andover, Massachusetts, has been 
founded by Christian men as a fitting 
school for college and for business life. 

It shapes its curriculum to meet the 
requirements of admission to any college 




-MEDICAL COLLEGE, CLAY STREET, BET. TENTH AND ELEVENTH STREETS, OAKLAND, CAL. 



74 



The Harmon Seminary. 



East or West, to which young men grad- 
uating from it may desire to apply for 
admission. The course of study, as usu- 
ally followed, recognizes the requirements 
for admission to our own State institution, 
the University of California, but any one 
entering the academy having in view en- 
trance to one of the older colleges, such 
as Yale, Harvard, Amherst, Williams, 
Dartmouth, etc., will he fitted for the 
institution of his choice. 

Those who have business life in view 
will be directed in their studies along a 
practical business course. 

To meet the needs of younger pupils 
a preparatory department is provided for 
young boys, and for those whose previous 
advantages have been limited. 

Believing that mental discipline is not 
the whole of education, this institution, 
111 its relation to its pupils, exalts moral 
principle and Christian faith. It seeks to 
promote high scholarship, practical knowl- 
edge, and Christian character. Physical 
culture, by means of manly sports and 
friendly competitions in field games, is 
largely encouraged. A gymnasium, well 
ccjuipped with apparatus, is oi^en daily to 
the members of the school. 

The institution takes its name in recog- 
nition of the generous gifts of Mr. Moses 
Hopkins, of San Francisco, who, with 
others, has jjlaced the school upon a firm 
financial foundation. 

CALENDAR FOR 1 886, FIFl'EENTH YEAR. 

Second term begins Tuesday, a. m., 
January 5, 1886. 

(Quarterly recess, March 12-15. 
Year closes Friday, May 21. 
Field Day, April 30, 1886. 
(Graduating Exercises, May 21, 1886. 

Spencerian Business College is lo- 
cated at 1069 Broadway. The methods 
used are those practiced in the largest and 



best schools of the East. The rooms are 
centrally located, well arranged and 
lighted. Nothing is taught in the abstract. 
Principles are applied as they are de- 
veloped, and everything is thorough. 

Qerivent of Gup liadY of- the 



nijlHIS institution was 
If the year 1868, by th 



as established in 
the Sisters of the 

-^ Holy Name of Jesus and Mary. 
To the Rev. M. King, pastor of the 
Church of the Immaculate Conception, 
is due much credit for material aid and 
assistance rendered the institution at its 
inception. In 1873-74 a substantial 
building, three stories in height, and one 
hundred and ten feet long by seventy-five 
feet wide, was erected on Webster Street, 
near the head of Lake Merritt. The in- 
terior arrangement of this building meets 
every demand of a comj^lete boarding- 
school. 

The basement contains a gymnasium. 
The first floor contains parlors, library, 
and music rooms. On the second story 
are class-rooms, and in every part of the 
building modern appliances and improve- 
ments are to be seen. 

Owing to its proximity to Lake Merritt, 
facilities are afforded the pupils for that 
pleasurable exercise, boating. 

In addition to the branches usually 
taught in schools of a similar grade, the 
art of cooking, as a study, here finds a 
place in the curriculum. 



HE Harmon Seminary for young la- 
dies is situated on Atherton Street, 
Berkeley, near the State University. 
"J'he building is a fine, commodious, 
three-story villa, erected in 1882 and es- 
pecially planned for a home-like school. 



California Medical College. 



/o 



Both boarding and day pupils are received, 
and all ages are provided for. The 
courses of instruction are several, includ- 
ing a full seminary course, leading to a 
graduation diploma, also courses to prepa- 
ration for the University, and elective 
courses in English and French literature, 
science, vocal and instrumental music, 
etc. In music, art, and modern lan- 
guages, the instructors are the foremost 
San Francisco masters. The regular in- 
struction in the ordinary branches is by 
teachers of recognized ability and skill- 
The discipline of the school is firm 
and watchful, yet cordial and kindly. 
Every effort is made to secure the comfort 
and good health of the pupil, as well as 
intellectual advancement. The sanitary 
condition of the buildings and surround- 
ings is unexceptional. The institution is 
patronized by a large number of the lead- 
ing families of Berkeley and vicinity, who 
send their daughters as day pupils, and 
the boarding pupils come from all parts 
of the coast. A catalogue is published, 
which gives full description of the sem- 
inary. The principals are Misses Har- 
mon, Berkeley, California. 



G©FlVeFl1i. 



'HIS flourishing institution was built 
and founded by the late lamented 
Mother Mary Teresa Comerford, in 
the year 1878, for the purpose of 
gratuitously educating girls. It is a large 
and handsome building, on the north, 
south, and west of which is a spacious, 
well-cultivated fruit and flower garden. 
The property on which this useful institu- 
tion stands was donated to the founders 
by James Magee, who was also one of the 
most liberal contributors towards the 
erection of this commodious convent. 
Opposite the convent, and fronting 



Addison Street, is the residence of the 
Very Reverend Pierce Michael Comer- 
ford, late vicar-general and apostolic 
missionary of the Mauritius, in the Indian 
Ocean. This pretty residence was erected 
by him in the year 1879, and he has since 
beautified it by many improvements. In 
the same year he became rector of the 
Parish of St. Joseph, in which position he 
has labored zealously and effectually for 
the welfare of his parishioners. In 1880 
he erected St. Peter's free school for boys, 
which has a very steady attendance of 
pupils, taught by the nuns of the convent. 
And lastly, in the summer of 1883, he 
erected St. Joseph's handsome gothic 
church northeast of tlie convent It is a 
small but perfectly symmetrical building, 
and when finished will be one of the pret- 
tiest edifices of the kind in this country. 



HIS college was organized May 17 
1878, by J. Watson Webb, M. D.,' 
and is located on Clay Street, 
between Tenth and Eleventh Streets, 
within five minutes' walk of the City Hall 
and Court House, and two blocks west of 
Broadway. It is about thirty minutes' 
travel from San Francisco by the half-hour 
ferry plying between the two cities. 

The plan of the building excels any 
similar institution west of Chicago. It is 
four stories in height. On the second 
floor are a magnificent hall, and three suits 
of offices. On the third floor are the 
amphitheater, a museum, library, and lab- 
oratory. The dissecting room, the best 
appointed on the coast, is spacious and 
thoroughly ventilated by means of the 
dome. 

This college is organized as the expo- 
nent of liberal and progressive medicine 
and surgery, and aims to present to the 
student medical science in all its breadth. 



a* * R *^l 



> 

K 




S 



I 



CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 



^ 

Ji 







'fM^^^^i^^f^^^f^m^m- 



CATHOLIC CHURCH 






I 
i 









3^!i 



.-.rv-?----— •-■ --"■^-- ■ ^~-y*—'~-' *:-avi-"!'^*^-.'^'-''- ^i 




78 



Field's Seminary or the Home School. 



They recognize truth wherever found, ir- 
respective of sect or school, and adopt 
every scientific discovery and rational 
idea that tends to promote the healing art. 

The sole aim of the college is to educate 
good, practical physicians and surgeons. 
Its course will be free from all exclusive- 
ness and bigotry, and will accept students 
with reference solely to their attainments, 
and not witli reference to the school or 
preceptors that may have taught them. 

The Faculty consists of ten able physi- 
cians and professors. The officers now are: 
President, D. MacLean, M. D., San Fran- 
cisco; First Vice-President, Colin Camp- 
bell, Oakland; Second Vice-President, G. 
(i. Gere, M. D., San Francisco; Treasurer, 
1. P. Webb, M. D., Oakland; Secretary, 
H. T. Webster, M. I)., Oakland. 



Bield's SeminaPY ®^ tl^e 
§©me SGhQol. 

1825 TELEGRAPH AVENUE. 



,HIS flourishing school was founded 
in the autumn of 1872, by Miss 
Harriet N. Field. It was intended 
to meet the demand for a school 
which should give its i)upils, while acquir- 
ing a thorough education, the advantages 
of a highly cultured Christian home. Its 
aim has always been to combine with 
careful mental training, the best physical, 
moral, social, and religious development. 
The school, on the corner of Telegraph 
Avenue and Knox Place, is beautifully lo- 
cated, commanding, in front, a fine view 
to the east and south, and in the rear, the 
bay and the Golden Gate. 

The grounds are 140x400 feet. In 
front of the buildings is a large, well-kept 
luwn, making the place very attractive. 
\n the rear, there is ample room for out- 



door sports. The buildings, four in num- 
ber, the main building, the school build- 
ing, the cottage, and the gymnasium, are 
so connected that the covered walk 
furnishes a good place for a promenade in 
rainy weather. 

The main building, three stories high, 
contains the parlors, reception room or 
office, a well-furnished library (to which 
the young ladies have free access), the 
music rooms, young ladies' rooms, dining- 
room and kitchen. The school building 
contains the assembly room and the 
recitation rooms of the academic depart- 
ment. The cottage contains the prepara- 
tory rooms, the laboratory, and a class 
room for the sciences. The gymnasium 
is of good size, and has sufficient appara- 
tus to make physical exercise a pleasure. 
The studio, which is in the main building, 
contains a large cast of the \'enus da Milo, 
several small casts, and a goodly number 
of aids to art study. 

The seminary has a good collection of 
minerals and zoological specimens. 

In every department the school is well 
equipped, and those who have it in charge 
are making additions which pramise even 
better things for the future. 

The course of study embraces a thor- 
ough knowledge of the English branches, 
a good education in the sciences, an ex- 
tended course of history, and the best 
facilities for acquiring the ancient and 
modern languages, and a knowledge of 
music. Some branches are taught by 
lectures, and others by the use of text- 
books. The best and latest methods of 
instruction are employed. Pupils are 
prepared for the University of California, 
or for any college. 

The street-cars marked " State Univer- 
sity " pass the gate. 



->->^H 



ilatie ypiit/epsitiv. 



#-- 



-^^-uiyijly'L/inn^^ 



sphe ^Fiivepsifey ©5 Galifopnia. 



'HEN California framed a constitu- 
tion, she laid the foundation of her 
government so broad as to include 
^^ a University, furnishing a culture 
complete in extent and available to all. 

In 1853, Congress gave to the States 
seventy-two sections of land for the es- 
tablishment of a fund for seminaries of 
learning, and ten sections of land to pro- 
vide suitable buildings for such institu- 
tions as that provision might call into be- 
ing. In 1862, through the Morrill Act, a 
special gift of land was made for the pur- 
pose of establishing schools of agriculture 
and the mechanic arts. This being ap- 
portioned pro rata, gave to California a 
magnificent domain of 150,000 acres. 

The land found a good market, bringing 
five dollars an acre ; a result only 
achieved by one other State. It has 
all been paid for, and passed under the 
control of the buyers. It was then flush 
times in California, and the demand for 
money permitted the investment of all 
the spare funds at ten per cent. 

Trustees were appointed to control the 
inchoate College of Agriculture and Me- 
chanic Arts, who met in Sacramento, 
June 10, 1867, and decided that it 
should be located somewhere in Alameda 
County. 

This brought the scheme within the 
sphere of the College of California in 
charge of Mr. Henry Durant. The Col- 
lege of California had accumulated con- 
siderable property by gift or purchase, a 
part of which comprised one hundred 
and sixty acres of land north of Oakland, 



in the foot-hills of Contra Costa County. 
The time seemed to Dr. Durant oppor- 
tune for uniting his languishing institution 
with the well-endowed Agricultural and 
Mechanical College, and making of the 
two a great practical school, satisfactory 
to the scientist and the average citizen. 
Therefore, the domain in the foot-hills 
was transferred to the Agricultural Col- 
lege, on the sole condition that it should 
aiaintain a Department of Letters. Of this 
union of ideas came the University as it 
exists. 

As is custom in older countries, and a 
very good custom it is, the University has 
received gifts from private parties, some 
of them of more than ordinary importance : 
The Lick gift, for a grand observatory 
and telescope, amounting in value to 
over $700,000 ; the Harmon Gymna- 
sium, with whose benefits and their donor 
all Oaklanders are well acquainted . 



^he ^^ivePSifeY Sifsu^dg. 



HEN one reaches Berkeley the 
most conspicuous objects he sees 
are the buildings erected by the 
State on the University grounds. 
Prof. Soule said : " It is in area 200 
acres ; is watered by numerous springs in 
the hills, and the collection and disposal 
of this will furnish hereafter abundant 
study and practice to the engineering stu- 
dent. With the spring water and surface 
water saved, the grounds could be thor- 
oughly irrigated throughout the year, and 
made to blossom as the rose. The lower 
portion of the grounds is flat and moist 
throughout the year, and will nourish 

(79) 



82 



The University Grounds. 



such irccs, flowers, and shrubs as require 
such soil. 

There is a higher plateau, upon which 
the various buildings have been or are to be 
located, forming the campus proper. Be- 
yond, toward the Monte Diablo Range, 
the ground rises into hills, the highest of 
which is 884 feet above tide-water, and 
584 feet above the base of the south col- 
lego. The average height of the tract is 
400 feet above tide-water. The hilly por- 
tion could be well utilized for forestry. 

The University is supplied with water 
from a reservoir of 38,000 gallons capac- 
ity, situated at the foot of Strawberry 
Canon, and at an elevation of 205 feet 
above the basement of the south college. 
It will carry water entirely over any build- 
ing contemplated. Other springs of large 
resources will be reclaimed and brought 
in from time to time. 

Strawberry Creek is for a large portion 
of the year a beautifully clear stream ; 
during the winter it discharges an enor- 
mous quantity of water, and runs between 
steep banks ten to fifteen feet in depth, 
and with a span from thirty to one hun- 
dred feet. Along it are found many 
shady, quiet nooks, gracious to the 
scholar, philosopher, and naturalist. The 
soil of the lower portion of the site is a 
deep, rich adobe, capable of being 
wrought into a soil of great productive- 
ness ; on the plateau it is a lighter kind. 
On the hills there is a thin soil of decom- 
posed shale rock, etc. It would be diffi- 
cult to find within so small an area as the 
University site a spot with so many varie- 
ties and capabilities in the way of soils, 
irrigation, and exposure." 

The College of California had caused 
the i^roperty to be carefully examined by 
l'"recl crick Law Olmstead, the well-known 
landscape engineer, before its transfer. 
He ])rcferred such division and ornamen- 
lation as would preserve tlie natural feat- 



ures and flowing outlines of the place, a 
plan that has since been somewhat varied. 
The grounds were afterward laid out 
by William Hammond Hall, under the 
directions of the Regents. The design is 
simple, involving winding drives, with en- 
trances on the south, north, and west, ser- 
pentine walks, and a rather sharply de- 
fined terrace for the main buildings. 

The open portions, dotted with fine 
specimens of live-oak, have, though un- 
touched, a finished park-like appearance, 
and are gay with wild poppies, buttercups, 
primroses, and blue lilies through winter 
and spring. The improved places are 
filled with evergreen and deciduous trees, 
shrubs, i)lants, and flowers from every 
quarter of the globe. A conservatory oc- 
cujiies one of the warmest nooks. 

The fields of the Agricultural Depart- 
ment are near the western entrance, and 
are, with their specimens of imported 
Iruits, grains, and trees, undergoing a proc- 
ess of exi)erimental culture, of the great- 
est interest to the farmer and botanist. 

No modern college has grounds like 
these. The German universities are 
usually in crowded cities, and without ex- 
ternal attractions. The English universi- 
ties have lawns that are ill-kept, and a few 
trees poorly cared for. The American 
colleges have not found it easy to culti- 
vate handsome surroundings, on account 
of a severe climate and ungrateful soil. 
Cambridge has a lawn and trees. Yale 
has its elms and public green. The New 
York colleges are much the same. The 
Southern colleges might do more in their 
softer climate, but their grounds are neg- 
lected and forlorn. None are so favored 
in climate, universal capacity of produc- 
tion, and beauty of outlook as this. Art 
might do much to aid nature, but even 
without art nature was never more at- 
tractive. 



The University Buildings. 



83 



The University grounds are yearly be- 
ing improved by new and attractive feat- 
ures that add to the beauty of location. 



W^e ^nix/eFsifev ByildingS. 



^1 -. ■ , 

Off ^^ buildings are sufficiently spacious 
il^ and convenient for the present needs 
"NK of the University. The two largest 
*^ stand on a terrace more than three 
hundred feet above tide-water, and com- 
mand an unrestricted outlook over the 
bay and surrounding hills. They may be 
regarded as the historic structures, the 
nucleus of the group. The corner-stone 
of the Agricultural College, called South 
Hall, was laid in August, 1872, with pub- 
lic ceremonies. The corner-stone of the 
North Hall was laid in the spring of 1873. 

The architecture of South Hall is sim- 
ple, but handsome. The material is 
brick trimmed with gray stone. In con- 
struction it is solid and durable. It is 
152 feet long by 50 feet wide, has four 
stories and 34 rooms, six of the rooms 
being 32x48 feet, and several others 20x20 
feet. In its basement are the Chemical 
Laboratory and the Agricultural Depart- 
ment. On the first floor are the rooms at 
present occupied by the library, the sec- 
retary's office, and the instruction rooms 
of the College of Chemistry; on the floor 
above are the lecture hall, the museum, 
and other rooms needed by the Scientific 
Department. 

The north building is 166 feet long by 
60 feet wide. It has four stories divided 
into 28 compartments, an assembly room 
43x58, a philosophical lecture room 39x50, 
the University printing office, students' 
reading rooms, and various recitation 
rooms. 

Back of them, and irregularly placed 
on the hillside, stand two buildings of 
later construction,- -the Bacon Art and 



Library Duilding, and the College ot 
Mining and Mechanic Arts. The first 
is named from Henry Douglass Bacon, 
of Oakland, who gave to the University 
his excellent collection of paintings, sculpt- 
ure, and miscellaneous works of art, a 
library of several thousand volumes, and 
$25,000 to erect suitable buildings to con- 
tain these treasures, provided the State 
would add $25,000 in furtherance of the 
project. The State appreciated the value 
and intelligence of the gift, and furnished 
the amount required. Its outside is pre- 
possessing, being of brick unobtrusively 
ornamented with stone. The architect- 
ural style followed within and without is 
the later forms of gothic. There are, 
properly, two buildings in one. That 
fronting the west is rectangular; the rear 
building is semi-circular. The front por- 
tion is 88x38 feet. The center of the 
fagade rises into a tower 102 feet in 
height. The interior arrangements are 
well designed. There are broad lobbies 
and stairways, an elevator, reading rooms, 
committee rooms, store rooms, and a 
large art gallery well lighted from the top. 
The rotunda of the library portion is 69 
feet in diameter and 57 feet in height. 
It will hold 90,000 volumes. The only 
other building of importance is a large 
and well-furnished gymnasium, built by 
A. K. P. Harmon, of Oakland, which can, 
if needed, be used for literary exercises. 
While the several other colleges of the 
State University are clustered at Berkeley, 
its Medical Department is, for obvious 
reasons, situated in San Francisco. The 
Medical College Building, known as " To- 
land Hall," in honor of its illustrious 
founder, is one of the most complete and 
stately in the country. It is located near 
North Beach, overlooking the (iolden 
Gate and the Berkeley buildings, a local- 
ity favoring the health and industrious 
habits of the students. 




1 iiiji m\ M i 






^^mi^^^^i^: 



cole: school ia^ st. 









£as\ 






PAGOUA H ! L L K) NLJ tRGAK! LN. GoR TELEGRAPH AVE 
a 21" ST, MISS M. A. PHELPS PRINCIPAL. 



BeRevQicRti ar?d Chapitable 
Ir^siitiutieiis. 



^Lon/hirmn-^ 



■^:& 



Institiution for? Deaf, Burr^b 
BF^d Blind. 

;^^ ITU ATE D at the base of the higher 
hills at Berkeley is the above-named 
institution. There being plenty of 
ground, the architect has i)ut up a 
series of buildings, with plenty of space, 
light, and ventilation about each. Thus 
the dining-room, with its kitchen appur- 
tenances, and the sleeping apartment of 
the help, stands by itself, the dormitories 
by themselves, the schools in one block, 
and the work-shops in another. Between 
and around these are broad, graveled 
walks, and flower beds; before them, the 
ground slopes gently down, by lovely resi- 
dences and green fields, to the bay, while 
behind them the Berkeley hills rise steeply 
up, dotted here and there with groves of 
the blue-leaved eucalyptus. The Berke- 
ley train stops at Dwight Way Station, 
from which a planked sidewalk leads up 
through a mile and a half of beautiful 
country road, and though the road were 
twice as long and twice as rough, the 
journey up it would be well repaid. 

The present institution occupies the 
site of another, which was burned down 
some years ago. The original institution 
was founded by the ladies of San Fran- 
cisco, on March 17, i860, by the opening 
(80) 



of a school in a little house on Tehama 
Street, with three pupils — two girls and 
one boy — under the charge of H. B. 
Crandall, an intelligent and well-educated 
deaf mute. The school for the blind was 
commenced in the following October, 
with four pupils — two boys and two girls. 
On the iTth of December, a public exam- 
ination was held. Application was made 
to the Legislature for State assistance; 
this was granted to the extent of $10,000. 
The lady managers purchased the fifty- 
vara lot on the corner of Mission and 
Sparks Streets — a junction on the other 
side of the Bernal Heights- — deeded it to 
the State, and thereon erected a substan- 
tial brick building, which it is believed 
has since been incorporated in St. Mary's 
College. In the first six months, the Cal- 
ifornia institution increased to twenty-two 
pupils, and the first buildings erected, 
which were burned. Afterward, the pres- 
ent commodious ones were erected on an 
entirely different plan from the first ones. 
From that on, the institution grew and 
attracted public attention, and the Berke- 
ley site was secured. 

The Industrial Home for the Blind is 
located on Telegraph Avenue. Here 
they work at trades and are, in a measure, 
self-supporting. As the institution has 
lately started, we have no figures on its 
success. 



Young Men's Christian Association. 



87 



pggssiatii©^. 

'his society was organized July 24, 
1879, and continued until December 
31, holding only religious services. 
E. S. Fowler, of San Francisco, was 
then called and accepted the position of 
General Secretary, when more definite 
work was planned and carried on for 
young men. They now have the finest 
rooms in the United States, outside of an 
association, owning their own building, 
and are doing a grand work for young 
men. 

Prominent business men were interested 
in the work, and were appointed as mem- 
bers of the Board of Directors, fourteen 
in number. They were divided into four 
committees, as follows: Financial, Library 
and Rooms, Lecture and Entertainment, 
and Publication. 

The upper part of a large building on 
Broadway, between Seventh and Eighth 
Streets, in the center of the city, was 
rented for fifty dollars per month, and 
fitted up at a cost of about seven hun- 
dred dollars, which made it pleasant and 
attractive. The audience room will seat 
comfortably about four hundred people. 
The reading-room is well supplied with 
reading-matter, is cheerful and attractive 
and adjoins the office, which is also the 
library, and contains nearly one thousand 
well-selected books. 

The association is now conducting 
twelve religious meetings each week, with 
wonderful success, among which is a 
noonday meeting that has been the means 
of doing very much good. 

Reading-rooms are open from 8 a. m. 
to 10 p. M. ; Sundays, from 9 to 10:30 a. 
-M.; 12:30 to 7:15 P. M. Young men are 
cordially invited to visit the rooms during 
their leisure hours, day or evening. The 
General Secretary may be found at the 



rooms at all hours, willing to give advice 
and assistance to young men in ne( d of 
friendly aid. 

Parlors are open day and evening for 
social intercourse. It offers free to every 
young man, reading and conversational 
rooms, writing material, directory of good 
boarding-houses, visitation in sickness, aid 
in obtaining employment, social compan- 
ionship, course of free lectures. All 
young men are invited. Strangers are 
especially welcome. x\ny young man of 
good moral character may obtain an annual 
ticket for $2.00, ladies same price. For 
membership, or further information, ap- 
ply to the General Secretary, at the rooms, 
865 Broadway. 

J. M. Buffington is president of the 
Young Men's Christian Association of 
Oakland, and has recently been re-elected 
to that important office, for the third time. 
His earnest convictions and devotion to 
theological principles have made him 
prominent in the religious as in the min- 
ing world. He has ever taken a deep in- 
terest in the Sunday-school cause, and for 
half a century has been a constant and 
enthusiastic laborer in this field of relig- 
ious work. 

In 1857, Mr. Buffington removed to 
San Francisco and engaged in the lumber 
trade until 1862, when he entered upon 
his present avocation — that of mining 
secretary. While Mr. Buffington has be- 
come a prominent figure in mining circles, 
and has mixed much with those who seek 
to obtain from mother earth her treasures 
of gold and silver, yet has he not forgotten 
the training of his childhood and youth, 
or the beneficent teachings of a pious and 
God-fearing mother. 

The Alta says: The Hon. J. M. Buf- 
fington, of Oakland, gave the first of a 
series of parlor business talks to young 
men of San Francisco. Mr. Buffington 
was greeted by a crowded and enthusiastic 



-S^'^'X" 



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ETHODIST CHURCH. 



■v^- ■TH^^^^ffi^--^-^' 



.l«m=^^'^*«^^-^» T^f^'~^r^'-^^'if^PS'S^^^'&^^'^^S*'^^^'e»i*rS^^f 




00 



Charitable Institutions. 



parlor of young men, who listened with 
rapt attention throughout to the speaker's 
-raphic, interesting, and detailed account 
of the shades and shadows of the early 
days among the pioneers of our chosen 
State. 

liadies' Relief SoeietY- 

[en acres of beautiful land, compris- 
ing fruitful field, dimpled pasture, 
and tasteful garden, situated half- 
way between Oakland and Berkeley, 
about two miles from either, form the 
domain of the Ladies' Relief Society of 
Oakland. On these valuable premises 
stand to-day two "Homes'^— a home for 
children and a home for aged women. 
The ladies of this society have supi)orted 
the Children's Home for twelve years; 
they have built and occupied the Aged 
Women's Home within twelve months. 

The society was organized in 1872 for 
the relief of needy women and children. 
The ladies of the society have taken care, 
in 10 years, of 41? beneficiaries, chiefly 
children; also, that they owned a com- 
modious home situated on premises 10 
acres in extent, which cost $16,000 in the 
original purchase, and $4,000 more in 
repairs, and which was absolutely free of 
incumbrance. In this "Home" the ladies 
supported at that date (May, 1881) a 
family of 70 souls, of which 6 were em- 
ployes, the rest children, at an expense 
of $446.60 per month. 

Work on the Home for Aged Women 
was begun in June, 1882, and the building 
was completed in October of the same 
year. The corner-stone was laid with ap- 
propriate ceremonies on the 2 2d of July, 
and the city of Oakland made it a gala 
day. A thousand invitations were issued, 
and refreshments were served free on the 
grounds by the ladies of the board. A 
band of music was in attendance, and the 



society's kind friend, Governor Perkins, 
was president of the day. Rev. Dr. Aker- 
ley and Rev. Dr. McClure conducted the 
religious exercises, while Hon. C N. Fox 
and Harry J. W. Dam, Esq., were respect- 
ively orator and poet of the occasion. 
The whole scene was a moving panorama 
of children, youth, and middle-age, of 
comings and goings and greetings, of ve- 
hicles arriving and departing, of booths 
and refreshment tables overflowing with 
cheerful occupants, and of exploring 
parties making acquaintance with grounds 
and buildings, while on the air came 
bursts of music and sounds of laughter. 



homeopathic?. I^oSpitieil. 

MEETING was held November 15, 
1877, to organize a hospital and dis- 
^'4^ pensary for the city of Oakland, at 
which a constitution and by-laws 
were adopted, and signed by forty benev- 
olent ladies. The organization was called 
the Oakland Homeopathic Hospital and 
Dispensary Association, These ladies 
had long felt the necessity of such an 
undertaking, as the county hospital is 
some ten miles distant. In order to raise 
a fund immediately, eighteen ladies be- 
came life members, paying into the treas- 
ury fifty dollars each. The city council 
courteously declined to assist the ladies; 
but, on application to the supervisors of 
the county, an appropriation of forty dol- 
lars per month was made, on condition 
that they receive all the patients the 
supervisors might send. This virtually 
made this a receiving hospital for the city 
of Oakland. 

The founders of the society were pru- 
dent, making a small beginning, securing 
the services of a competent matron, but 
furnishing only by degrees, as the rooms 
were needed. 



Benevolent Organizations. 



91 



The second year was begun with $600 
in the treasury, and the hospital barely 
furnished. The succeeding years have 
come and gone, showing many and varied 
states of the exchequer, and bringing care 
and some success to the interested ladies. 

In 1883 they moved into a commodi- 
ous building, No. 1057 Alice Street, and 
during the past year have nearly paid the 
indebtedness on the building. 



bUIbr ©§ (Deil\laRd. 

fHIS society was organized October 
5, 1877, its objects being "to carry 
Christian sympathy, love, and help 
to all families in our midst who may 
need such ministrations." The officers 
of the association are a president, vice- 
president, secretary, assistant secretary, 
corresponding secretary, and an executive 
committee of seven or more persons. 
Membership may be had by any lady 
paying the sum of one dollar annually, 
while the payment of twenty-five dollars 
constitutes life membership. For the con- 
duct of its benefits there are four depart- 
ments, viz.: Fruit and Flower Mission, 
Sheltering Home, Industrial Committee, 
with head-quarters at the rooms of the 
association, at No. 1274 Franklin Street; 
and the Helping Hand School at the 
corner of Twenty-second and Market 
Streets. The association now consists of 
300 members, 5 life members, and 5 1 
sustaining members. 



^he (laiif©i?Fiia Sl^elfeepii^g 
home. 



[his charitable institution was organ- 
ized in April, 1881, and was originally 
situated on Chestnut Street, but was 
afterwards removed to No. 1274 
Franklin Street. It is one of the branches 



of the Ladies' Christian Association. The 
object of the home is to render aid and 
provide a temporary home for destitute 
women and children who have no habita- 
tion. In this place a number of mother- 
less children have been kindly cared for 
until other homes could be provided for 
them. Two aged women, strangers to 
the city, have enjoyed the hospitalities of 
the home for a season, until means could 
be provided to send them to their native 
places. Sixty persons in all have been 
members of the Home, while the number 
of families during the last year averaged 
twelve. These two associations cannot 
be too well patronized, fulfilling as they 
do woman's mission upon earth — the do- 
ing good to her fellow-beings. 



8feheF 8FgaFiiza1ii©Hg. 

EBREW Benevolent Society was or- 
ganized in July, 1 86 1. It meets the 
first Sunday of each month, and its 
work is that of charity. 

Diana of California, a Danish so- 
ciety, was organized in 1882. Its object 
is to assist and relieve its members, to 
establish a relief fund for widows and 
orphans of deceased members, to assist 
and obtain employment for its members 
when in need, to improve its members 
socially and materially, and to create a 
spirit of harmony amongst the Danes in 
California. 

Fruit and Flower Mission is located 
on Franklin Street, between Ninth and 
Tenth. The object of the Mission is to 
carry flowers, delicacies, and clothing to 
the poor; Miss Nellie Smith, President. 

Helping Hand School is located 
corner Twenty-second and Market Streets. 
The object of the school is to teach chil- 
dren to sew. 




RESIDENCE OF JUDGE WALDO M /ORK COR . 0"^ ViNE^ARCH bEt^KfLE/ CAL. 




ADVOCATE OFFICE. BERKELEY, 



DR. W.M.HI LTOISS DRUG STORE, 



ns «i 




"ALBION COTTAGE" ADDiSON ST. BERKELEY. 
PROPERTrOF TRANK MOORE. ESV<. 






V 



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•EASTLAKE COTTAGEI A. H.BROAD. BUILDER. BANCROFT WAY. BERKELEY. 



94 



Parish of Sacred Heart. 



Oakland Benevolent Society was 
organized June 7, 1869; located at No. 
516 Fifteenth Street, John I. Tay, Secre- 
tary; the object of the association is to 
provide food and clothing for the poor. 
About 300 persons receive aid monthly. 

Sheltering Home is located at 1274 
Franklin Street. It gives a temporary 
home for the poor until they are able to 
find work. 

Oakland Hospital. — This is located 
on Clay Street, and is conducted by Dr. 
Woolsey as a private hospital. 

Woman's Christian Temperance 
Union. — The work of this society may 
be estimated by the following subjects and 
committees: — 

Juvenile Work, Mrs. S. C. Borland; 
Press, Mrs. H. H. Havens; Woman's 
Christian Temperance Union, Mrs. S. 
G. Chamberlain; Evangelistic Work, Mrs. 
Gray; Bible Readings, Mrs. W. M. 
Sublette, including managers of corpora- 
tions to require total abstinence in their 
employes, Mrs. Caleb Saddler; Sabbath- 
school Work, Mrs. Noyes. Drawing- 
room Work — In Oakland, Mrs. J. C. 
Ainsworth. In East Oakland, Fruitvale, 
and Highland Park, Mrs. Mathews. 
Coffee House and Reading-room, Mrs. 
Gaskill. Prison, Police Station, and In- 
temperance among Women, Mrs. Gove. 
Foreign Work, Mrs. Dr. Brad way. Leg- 
islative Work, Mrs. E. W. Marston. Pre- 
senting Temperance in the High Schools 
of Learning, Mrs. G. S. Abbott. Ecclesi- 
astical Educational, Sunday-school and 
other bodies, C. A. Buekle, M. D. 



fPapigh ©§ Sacped heapt. 



I HIS parish was established in 1876 
at North Temescal. Rev. Lawrence 
Serda was made pastor, and on the 
17th of December of the same year 
the Most Rev. Joseph S. Alemany, Arch 



bishop of San Francisco, assisted by sev" 
eral of the clergy, dedicated the neat 
church edifice, which had been built dur- 
ing the year. It was dedicated to the 
Sacred Heart of Jesus. Two years later 
the parochial residence was built, in which 
the clergy of the parish now reside, next 
to the church on Evoy Avenue, near 
Grove Street. In 1S80 another large 
building was erected next to the parochial 
residence. Its second story is used as a 
hall for meetings of the various Catholic 
societies of the parish, also for the Sunday- 
school, lectures, concerts, fairs, etc. The 
first story is divided into four rooms, 
spacious, beautifully lighted, and well- 
ventilated, used for school purposes. 

This building was dedicated to the 
Almighty (iod, under the invocation of 
Saint Lawrence, on the 27th of June, 1880, 
by Most Rev. Joseph S. Alemany, assisted 
by the rector and several other priests. 
The school opened with fifty-six pupils, 
and by the zealous exertions of the pas- 
tor and the excellent education imparted 
by the teachers, this number was increased 
to over a hundred before the end of one 
year. It is now attended by about 150 
young girls varying in age from six years 
to nineteen years. 

It is a Catholic school, intended princi- 
pally for the Catholic girls of the i)arish. 
Pupils of other denominations also are 
received, but are not obliged to recite 
Catholic prayers, nor learn Catholic doc- 
trine, unless they choose to do so, with the 
express consent of their parents. 

The school is taught by the Sisters of 
the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, and 
superintended by the rector of the parish. 
Reverend Father Serda and his assistant. 
Rev. John A. Lally, with the co-operation 
of their parishioners, are now preparing to 
erect a school for the boys of the parish, 
to be taught by Christian Brothers, and 
to commence in July, 1886. 



fMbli© and E^Pi^alie BuildiRgs. 



^^^UlJTfly-^ njXny^ 



ia^dgsme Buildingg. 

'OAKLAND has superior buildings for 
public use. The Court House, City 
Hall, Public Library, Hall of Rec- 
ords, and others are well constructed 
and ornamental. 

There are handsome business blocks on 
Washington, Broadway, and Franklin, 
which comprise the principal business 
streets; but Broadway is the main business 
center, from which all the business 
radiates. 

The Bank of Savings, on corner of 
Twelfth and Broadway, and the Union 
Savings Bank, on corner of Ninth and 
Broadway, are substantial and well-con- 
structed edifices. The Everts' Block, on 
Broadway, has the most handsome and 
attractive finish. 

The new Coleman Block, on corner of 
Broadway and Twelfth Street, has a fine 
and showy exterior finish, and cost about 
$70,000. The corner store has been ele- 
gantly and elaborately fitted up by Messrs- 
Kelsey & Flint as a drug store. They 
have for many years occupied the opposite 
corner where, by using great care in select- 
ing pure articles, they have established a 
large trade. They keep the choicest toilet 
preparations and fancy articles. 

The Home Insurance Block, corner 
Ninth and Washington Streets, is a grand 
building. Numerous other business blocks 
on Broadway are an ornament to any street 
of any city. 

The Masonic Temple, described else- 
where, is one of the grand buildings of the 
city. 



Henry Matthews' large frame building, 
on Washington and Thirteenth Streets, is 
three stories high, stores below and rooms 
on the upper floors, and cost $i 0,000. 

Weber's Hotel, corner Twelfth and 
Franklin Streets, is built new, entirely of 
brick, and perfectly fire-proof. It has 
only been opened since the ist of Septem- 
ber, this year. The prices are very rea- 
sonable for rooms and board. It is near 
the railroad, South Pacific Coast, and in 
close communication to Seventh Street 
Depot. 



GsyFfe §©yse and §all ©f 
RessFds. 



HE County Court House is located 
on the west side of Broadway, oc- 
cupying the block between Fourth 
and Fifth Streets. The present 
building was completed in June, 1875. 
The structure cost per contract price, 
$148,550; the furniture and fixtures about 
$66,500. It is fire-proof. The material 
is brick, stone, and iron. A handsome 
lawn surrounds the building, surrounded 
by an iron fence and patent stone side- 
walk. The county jail is within the in- 
closure, which occupies a square. 

The Hall of Records is located on the 
east side of Broadway, between Fourth 
and Fifth Streets. The building is earth- 
quake and fire-proof. The work on the 
erection of the building was begun about 
May, 1879. The building cost about 
$70,000, the furniture and fixtures about 
$60,000. 

(95) 






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98 



Public Buildings. 



Q\Uy §all. 



HE City Hall is located in a triangu- 
lar piece of ground finely laid out at 
the head of Washington Street. It 
was erected in October, 1868, at a 
cost of about $80,000. 'I'he three upper 
stories were of wood, while the basement 
was stone. On August 25, 1877, at 9:15 
p. M., the building was destroyed by fire, 
causing a loss of about $40,000. The 
fire originated in the northwest corner of 
the building. The City Hall was rebuilt 
during the summer and fall of 1878, at a 
cost of about $23,000. Beautiful grass 
l)lots surround the structure. 

It affords amj^le accommodations for 
the various city offices, and is creditable to 
the city. It has been appropriately fur- 
nished, and there are suitable safeguards 
against future conflagrations. A conven- 
ient office has been fitted up for the 
Mayor, and we may here observe that 
Mayor Playther has kept ordinary office 
hours except when called to other parts of 
the city by public business. The neces- 
sity for this has been made evident by the 
great number of persons who call to lodge 
information upon various matters of gen- 
eral interest, and also to ascertain points 
in which citizens are interested. There 
is quite enough business to occupy the 
time of the Mayor for several hours each 
day in his office. 



0al\land Qbsepvafcspr. 



JpjURING the month of May, 1883, A. 
t||J| Chabot, president of the Contra 
©I Costa Water Company, donated 
$3,000 to the city of Oakland for 
the erection of an astronomical observa- 
tory, and the purchase of an eight-inch 
telescope. The matter was placed in the 
hands of the School Department, and the 
Poard of Education selected Lafayette 



Square as the site. On the 21st of May, 
at 3 p. M., the corner-stone was laid with 
appropriate ceremonies. 

. The scjuare has been laid out in walks 
and grass plots, and set out to many beau- 
tiful flowers and shrubs. A few of the 
native live-oaks have kindly been spared, 
and, aSt mementoes of Oakland's name, 
should ever remain. 



fIPin©PT Rail. 



rinHIS drill-hall, or armory, was erected 
n 188^, on the corner of Central 



Avenue and Washington Street. 
The drill-hall is a splendid apart- 
ment, 100x60 feet in dimensions, with 
ante-rooms for officers and men, besides 
assembly rooms and parlors. The Oak- 
land Light Cavalry were mustered into 
the service of the State, September 23, 
1878, with forty-nine rank and file, but 
their membership has reached ninety. 
There are now sixty-two effective members 
on the roll. This may be said to be the 
rorps (i elite of Oakland, and, as such, takes 
a just pride in presenting a most credit- 
able demeanor at every public parade. 
They are a fine body of men, generally 
good horsemen, and have a distinguished 
military appearance in their handsome 
and becoming uniforms. The social en- 
tertainments given by the corps are re- 
markable for their high standard of ex- 
cellence and rank among the events of 
Oakland's social w^orld. 



ffias©niG T'Omple. 

HE temple is semi-Oothic in style, 
and is 65x105 feet, and constructed 
of brick, granite, and San Jose sand- 
stone. The main entrance, on 
Twelfth Street, is in the form of a (iothic 
portico of polished granite, supported by 
pillars of polished black granite, with the 







W^f^^^-'-V.iJSijj^ 



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CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. BERKELEY. 



■etl/OT T CP'KUkNO, 



102 



Prominent Halls and Buildings. 



letters " G. T." cut in the massive arch 
over the gateway. The first floor con- 
tains a main hall 42x68 feet, with a 
banqueting hall adjoining, 18x68. Ladies' 
and gents' rooms are also attached. On the 
second floor, which is constructed with 
special reference for the meetings of the 
various Masonic bodies, the main hall, or 
lodge room, is 42x60 feet with 25 foot 
ceiling and a central dome reaching six 
feet higher. This floor has also a ban- 
queting hall, with tyler's room, coat, 
committee, and preparation rooms, also 
armory rooms for the Knights Templar. 
The cost of the lot and building, with 
furniture, is fully $100,000. 




MASONIC TKMPLK. 

The corner-stone of the temple was laid, 
with ajjpropriate ceremonies, January 10, 
1880, by W. N. Trayler, Grand Master of 
the (irand Lodge of free and accepted 
Masons. 

The Oakland Masonic Temple Associa- 
tion was incorporated June 25, 1878, with 
a capital of $100,000, divided into 10,000 
shares of $ 10.00 each. The directors are : 
F. K. Shattuck, A. Chabot, N. W. Spauld- 
ing, Geo. Patterson, R. C. Gaskill, John 



Crellin, C. E. Gillett, James Lentell, A. 
W. Bishop, J. B. Merritt, Daniel E. 
Hayes. The officers are : F. K. Shattuck, 
President; A. Chabot, Vice-President; C. 
E. (Gillett, Secretary; V. D. Moody, 
Treasurer. 



PPQminent I^alls and Build- 
ings. 



I HE following gives the location of 

I most of the prominent public build- 
ings and halls: — 

City Hall, head of Washington 
Street. 

Hall of Records, Broadway, between 
Fourth and Fifth Streets. 

Kohler's Hall, northwest corner Seventh 
and Chester Streets. 

Masonic Hall, northwest corner Twelfth 
and Washington Streets. 

Odd tellows' Hall, northwest corner 
of Eleventh and Franklin Streets. 

Pythian Hall, 1058 Broadway. 

Schimmelpfennig's Hall, Twelfth Street, 
between Fifteenth and Sixteenth Avenues. 

Ancient Order of United Workmen, 
southeast corner Twelfth and Franklin 
Streets. 

Medical Hall, west side of Clay, between 
Tenth and Eleventh Streets. 

Germania Hall, east side of Webster, 
between Sixth and Seventh Streets. 

The Harmon Gymnasium, University 
Grounds, Berkeley. 

Light Cavalry Hall, corner ^Vashington 
and Twelfth Streets. 

Public Library Building, on City Hall 
Square. 

Court House, on Broadway, between 
Plfth and Sixth Streets. 

Odd Fellows' Hall, Berkeley, on Shat- 
tuck Avenue. 

Dietz Opera House, northeast corner 
Twelfth and Webster Streets. 



Prominent Business. 



103 



Oakland Theater (Colosseum) is be- 
tween Webster and Alice Streets. 

Park Theater, opposite City Hall, on 
Fourteenth Street. 

Neptune Gardens, Alameda near Third 
Avenue. 

G©mpaFiY- 

[HE Alameda Branch of the above- 
named company, occupies rooms in 
the Union National Bank Building, 
corner of Broadway and Ninth 
Street. This company is in a sound 
financial condition, having been in suc- 
cessful operation for over twenty years 
and has accumulated nearly $300,000 ad- 
ditional assets after paying twelve per 
cent annual dividends. Its total cash 
assets are $856,658.22, as returned to 
the Insurance Department. All losses 
are liberally adjusted and promptly paid. 

21ST ANNUAL EXHIBIT, JANUARY I, 1885. 

Premiums Since Organization $5,021,759 59 

Losses Since Organization 2,118,50184 

Assets January i, 1885 856,658 22 

Surplus for Policy Holders 825,96368 

Income, 1884 484,616 73 

Capital Paid Up (Gold) 300,000 00 

Re-insurance Reserve 275) iS7 07 

Net Surplus over Everything 250,806 61 

The officers are: J. F. Houghton, Presi- 
dent; J. L. N. Shepard, Vice-President; 
Chas. R. Story, Secretary; R. H. Magill, 
General Agent. 



fF©Fi^i^e^t5 h©feels. 



HE principal hotels are the Galindo, 

on Eighth Street, near Broadway; 

the Centennial House, northeast 

corner Fourteenth and Clay; Eureka, 

southwest cornerSeventh and Washington; 



Newland House, northeast corner Seventh 
and Washington; the Arlington, 474 Ninth 
Street; Tubbs' Hotel, East Twelfth Street, 
between Fourth and Fifth Avenues; Win- 
sor House, southwest corner Ninth and 
Washington; Blake House, Washington 
and Twelfth; Winter's Hotel, 1236 Broad- 
way; Piedmont Hotel, Piedmont; Park 
Hotel, Park and Enincal Avenue, Ala- 
meda; Union Hotel, Thirteenth Avenue, 
East Oakland. 

Galindo Hotel. — The largest and 
most pleasantly located hotel in Oakland 
is the Galindo, on Eighth Street. Over 
200 guests may be comfortably accommo- 
dated at any one time, and the popularity 
of the management is sufficient to keep it 
full during the year. Transient visitors to 
this city cannot find a more commodious 
or pleasantly situated hotel in Alameda 
County, or a house more convenient of 
access, as regards transportation to and 
from San Francisco and the various lines 
of travel. 

The table is always supplied with all 
the delicacies of the season, provided by 
a competent caterer. The proprietor has 
had a wide experience in the business of 
hotel-keeping, and understands how to 
render his guests comfortable. The pro- 
prietor is B. Wright. 

Tubes' Hotel. — Cars pass the door ever 
fifteen minutes connecting with trains at 
Broadway and East Oakland, and a few 
minutes' walk is sufficient to reach Clinton 
Station, where the local trains pass east 
and west every half hour. Extensive and 
beautiful grounds surround the hotel, and 
Lake Merritt, a large and beautiful sheet 
of placid water, laves the western side of the 
grounds. 




i$ Ki r 



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BaFiI\S and B§nI\iBg. 



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[HE OAKLAND BANK OF SAV- 
INGS has one of the most substantial 
brick buildings in the city, on the cor- 
ner of Broadway and Twelfth Street. 
The building was erected in 1876. Its cap- 
ital and reserve paid in is $500,000. The 
directors are: Francis Blake, Henry Rog- 
ers, W. E. Miller, R. E.Cole, Samuel Mer- 
ritt, Israel Lawton, W. A. Aldrich, E. C 



ject in view is the furnishing at a moderate 
charge of a safe and convenient place for 
the keeping of valuables. 

There are many purposes for which such 
a place of deposit in Oakland will jjrove, 
as in other cities, to be a matter of great 
convenience to ladies as well as to busi- 
ness men, such as the storage of diamonds, 
jewelry, silverware, valuable mementoes, 
bank-books, notes and mortgages, stocks, 




OAKLAND BANK OF SA\ I : 

Sessions, E. A. Haines. E. C. Sessions, 
President, andW. W. Garth waite. Secretary. 

The bank was organized August 13, 
1867, with a capital stock of $150,000. 
which was increased to $300,000, and by 
further action of the stockholders was in- 
creased to $1,000,000. The bank draws 
directly on Dublin, Paris, and London. 

The bank has recently erected in the 
building at large expense a steel fire and 
burglar-proof safe-deposit vault. 'I'he ob- 
(106) 



t()Rxi;R i;koai)WA\ and 'iwki.I'TH sirkki'. 



bonds, deeds, wills, marriage records, and 
other valuable papers and articles. 

Five hundred small safes inside of the 
main vault are offered at a low rental, to 
which access can be had as frecjuently as 
desired. Diamonds and jewelry can be 
withdrawn one day and re-deposited the 
next. Tin boxes to fit the safes are fur- 
nished, which may, for the purposes of 
packing, be taken to the residence or can 
be examined at leisure, free from observa- 



First National Bank. 



107 



tion, in the private room furnished for 
use of ladies exclusively. 

Large packages of silverware, or other 
bulky articles, to which access is only re- 
quired at rare intervals, are stowed in a 
separate compartment in the main vault. 

All business entirely confidential. The 
only keys to the safes are delivered to the 
renter, and it is not possible for any person 
other than the renter or some person des- 
ignated by him, to have access to the 
safe or to know of its contents. 



UflWn EelViF?ig BelR 



HE UNION SAVINGS BANK of 
Oakland began business in July, 1869, 
near the corner of Broadway and 
Eighth Streets, the President being 
A. C. Henry, and the Cashier, H. A. 
Palmer. The capital stock was originally 
$150,000, which, in a few years, was in- 
creased to $450,000. In 1 87 1 the pres- 
ent building at the corner of Ninth Street 
and Broadway was constructed, whither 
they moved on the ist of May of that 
year. In 1875 the bank was reorganized 
under the Civil Code, when it separated 
its commercial from its saving business, 
and transferred the former to the Union 
National Gold Bank, with the same man- 
agement, saving the election of Hon. J. 
West Martin as President in the place of 
A. C. Henry. The status of the bank is 
most satisfactory. The present capital, 
fully paid, is $200,000, with a reserve 
fund of $100,000. The directors of the 
bank are: J. West Martin, R. W. Kirkham, 
A. C. Henry, Hiram Tubbs, D. Hen- 
shaw Ward, R. S. Farrelly, H. A. Palmer, 
Socrates Huff, W. W. Crane, Jr., A. A. 
Moore. President, J. West Martin; Vice- 
President and Treasurer, H. A. Palmer. 
The bank does a purely "savings" business, 
investing its funds in mortgages, etc. 

" Union Savings Bank Building" is illus- 
trated in this work, and situated on the 
corner of Broadway and Ninth Street. 



NION NATIONAL BANK institu- 
tion was organized July i, 1875, 
under the National Banking Act of 
the United States, and succeeded to 
the commercial business of the Union 
Savings Bank. The first officers were: 
A. C. Henry, President; H. A. Palm^, 
Cashier. The bank remained under the 
first management until October i, 1881, 
when Mr. Henry was succeeded on his 
resignation by H. A. Palmer, who was 
elected to the presidency, and Charles 
E. Palmer, Cashier. On March 8, 1881, 
the institution was changed, under the Act 
of Congress, to the Union National Bank, 
transacting its business in the same building 
as does the Union Savings Bank, the organ- 
ization of officers being identical with it 
save as regards the President and Cashier. 



m . - — 

fJCTHE First National Bank was origi- 
T >[ nally organized as the First National 
m Gold Bank in May, 1875. In 1876 
V. D. Moody was elected to the 
presidency under whom, and with the 
same name, it was conducted. In 1878 
Mr. Twombly was elected Cashier. On 
March 8, 1880, the institution was reor- 
ganized, under the style of the First 
National Bank of Oakland, with the same 
management, and in February, 1883, 
moved to No. 1002 Broadway, where they 
are now located. Financially the bank 
has been a success. 

Its officers are: V. D. Moody, President; 
J. E. Ruggles, Vice-President; A. D. 
Thomson, Cashier. Board of Directors: 
A. Chabot, J. E. Ruggles, G. J. Ainsworth, 
A. J. Snyder, W. P. Jones, V. D. Moody, 
F. K. Shattuck, J. C. Ainsworth, L. C 
Morehouse. The bank transacts a gen- 
eral commercial bankins.: business. 




UNION BANK BUILDING BROADWAV & NINTH S'^S. OAKLAND CAL. 




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0al\land Heppies. 

'UCH enthusiasm was evinced in 
Oakland on August 2, 1862, on 
the commencement of the ferry 
railroad, and the initial steps being 
taken towards the construction of the 
wharf, proceedings which caused an im- 
mediate advance of about fifty per cent 
in the value of real estate. On Septem- 
ber 2, 1863, the railroad ferry went into 
operation, with the following time-table, 
which is produced simply as a matter of 
comparison between now and then : — 

Leave San Francisco at 7 a. m., 9 a. m., ii a. m., 2:30 

V. M., 4:30 P. M., 6:30 I'. M. 

Leave Oakland at 6 a. m., 8 A. M., 10 a. m., i p. m., 3:30 

p. M., 5:30 P. M. 

In regard to the ferries no better serv- 
ice exists anywhere. The mole and depot 
by the Central Pacific Railroad have 
added materially to the comfort of passen- 
gers on the main local line, while the 
creek route has its fair share of patronage. 
Add to these the boon conferred by the 
South Pacific Coast Railroad Company 
and their excellent line of ferry-boats 
which, landing on the Alameda side of 
the San Antonio Creek, transfer their 
passengers by a local line over Webster 
Street Bridge into the heart of the city, 
gives us travel nowhere excelled. 

The crowning glory of Oakland is the 
depot and ferry-house of the Central 
Pacific Railroad, and which is the largest 
and completest structure of the kind at 
present in the world, an illustration of 
which is herewith presented. 
(110) 



Rapid a^d Safe Tpansife. 

EANS of communication between 
Oakland and the metropolis are of 
the most admirable kind. The 
Central Pacific or Broad Gauge 
has five large and elegantly e(}uipped 
ferry-boats, three of which are in constant 
use, and two held as reserve in case of 
accident. One of these runs to the foot 
of Broadway, and is used largely for 
freight and carriage travel. Two run to 
the terminal depot at the end of the 
mole and connect with the half-hourly 
trains to the several Oakland stations, to 
Berkeley and Alameda. 

Twenty minutes after the boat leaves 
the wharf in San Francisco it arrives at 
the mole. Twenty minutes later the 
trains connecting with it have reached 
the furthest stations in Oakland, Alameda, 
and Berkeley, having deposited their pas- 
sengers at a score of neat little stations 
along the line. 

The local system of the Central Pacific, 
including its branches to P2ast Berkeley 
and West Berkeley, is about twenty miles 
in length, and represents, with terminal 
depot, mole, buildings of all kinds, track, 
boats, and rolling stock, a capital of not less 
than $3,000,000. The boats and rolling 
stocks required for the service may be 
tabulated as follows: — 

Passenger Coaches 75 

Locomotives 15 

Boats 5 

Trains (daily average) 190 



Central Pacific Depot. 



Ill 



Bqb 



HE buildings comprising the depot 
cover nearly four acres and a half. 
They have a frontage on the bay of 
240 feet, and a total length of 1,050 
feet. Their architectural design is simple 
yet symmetrical and pleasing, the main 
point considered in their construction 
being the convenience of travelers and 
quickness and ease of transfer. The 
stairways are broad, the waiting-rooms 
large and well lighted, the floors smooth 
and solid, and all furnishings and appoint- 
ments neat and appropriate. 

The structure includes five buildings 
grouped according to a general design — a 
main central building with which four 
others are aligned. Of these the two 
larger begin at the eastern end of the 
central structure and extend on either side 
of it down the arms of the slip. They are 
each 720 feet in length by 60 feet in width. 
They are for the accommodation of the 
local travel alone. The main structure, 
whose western end is in a line with the 
end of the mole, is 450 feet long by 120 
feet broad and 60 feet high. Its seaward 
elevation is flanked by two towers 85 feet 
in height. 

The second floor is occupied in great 
part by the main waiting-room, an immense 
apartment extending the full width of the 
building, 120 feet, and having a length of 
70 feet, with a height of nearly 50 feet. 
It will accommodate 3,500 people. 

Light is admitted from the top as well as 
from windows on all sides, which afford a 
view of the vast interior, the broad ex- 
panse of the bay, and of San Francisco. 

The roofs are of iron and glass, through 
which the light is admitted so freely as 
fairly to flood the spacious interior. All 
the rooms are warmed by steam, though the 
climate requires but a slight degree of 



artificial heat. Though the building ac- 
commodates the overland and State travel, 
it is chiefly the result of the suburban 
needs of San Francisco and Oakland. 

The mole and Terminal Depot have cost 
not far from $1,500,000, and it is safe to 
say that, considering this vast expenditure, 
and the value of the tracks and appurte- 
nances of these local roads, no similar 
amount, outside of London, has been ex- 
pended anyvvfhere in the world to facilitate 
intercourse between any large city and its 
immediate suburbs. Over 600,000,000 
passengers annually pass over this ferry. 



^1 — : 

JJfjHE western terminal station of the 
'jj:| Central Pacific Railroad rests upon 
^fX a pier of earthwork and rock run- 
ning out into San Francisco Bay 
from its eastern shore a distance of one 
and a quarter miles, having a wharf and 
ferry slip at its western extremity. The 
mole reaches to a height of ten feet above 
high tide, with a width sufficient for a 
double-track railroad and a passenger 
depot, to be 200 feet wide and 900 feet 
long. The material, 1,000,000 cubic 
yards of rock, was transported in cars, a 
distance of nearly thirty miles. Work 
was commenced in June, 1879, and com- 
pleted in 1 88 1. 

Four parallel tracks extend from the 
Oakland shore, a distance of 4,800 feet, 
and thence to the terminus; additional 
tracks (twelve in all) are laid, ten of which 
pass through the depot building. From 
the western end of the rock-pier extends 
the pile-work forming the ferry-slip, and 
foundation for a portion of the main 
wings of the depot building. The slip is 
600 feet in length by 177 feet in width at 
its entrance, and has a sufificient depth of 
water for the largest ferry-steamers at the 
lowest tides. 




filler T. OA)fi. «Ai>. 



'■\>^ii^Af■^'-^ 



^ 








RESIDENCE OF J. S. BENNETT, ENCINAL AVE. ALAMEDA,CAL 



M: 



m 



m 



■?';: 



w 




114 



Street-Car Lines. 



Fr?Ge Railpoad Rideg. 

HK Central Pacific Railroad is prob- 
ably the only railroad in the world 
that furnishes ffre rides to all that 
wish to travel in or through the city. 
Every half-hour during the day long 
trains of passenger cars, going either 
way on Seventh Street, are patronized by 
all classes, rich and poor, white or black, 
American or Chinese, without cost. The 
length of this free ride is from the West 
Oakland Station along Seventh Street 
about five miles to East Oakland. People 
can get on and off at any of the following 
stations: — 

West Oakland, corner \\'ood and 
Seventh; Ce?iter, corner Seventh and 
Center; Adeline, corner Seventh and Ade- 
line; Market, corner Seventh and Market; 
Broadivay, Seventh, between Washington 
and Broadway; Oak, Seventh and Oak; 
Clinton, foot of Fifth Avenue; East Oak- 
land, foot of Thirteenth Avenue; Fruit- 
vale, and Alelrose. 



^©yfch Pa(iifiQ ReiilFsad. 

flifHE South Pacific Coast Railroad 
Company, or the Narrow Gauge as 
it is popularly called, has three large 
and fast boats, which run to Alameda 
and connect with a train to Fourteenth 
Street in Oakland. The trains run along 
the south training wall of Oakland Har- 
bor and crossing the estuary at Webster 
Street continue up to Fourteenth Street. 
This route is some minutes (juicker than 
the old route, and when extended beyond 
its present limits will be a very popular 
line. It first began business in 1878 and 
has rapidly increased in favor. Nothing 
can be more invigorating to the tired and 
perplexed merchant, or to the weary clerk 
and mechanic, than this short daily excur- 
sion by water, to which is added a brief 



trip by rail among orchards, gardens, cot- 
tages, and beautiful homes. 

This road also contributes its share of 
trade, tapping, as it does, the fertile valleys 
of Santa Clara and the rich country bor- 
dering the line between this point and 
Santa Cruz. This road is a favorite 
mode of transport for excursionists desir- 
ing to reach the famous summer resorts 
of Santa Cruz and the intermediate points 
of Felton and the Big Trees. 

The future of Oakland as a terminal 
point is full of great possibilities, and with 
an increase of trade and population will 
rival any similar point in the country. 
The depots of the various lines are expen- 
sive structures, built with a view to public 
convenience and easy transfer of passen- 
gers and freight. 

This road also runs trains every half- 
hour directly from Oakland to Alameda. 
This is the popular route to Alameda 
Baths and Neptune Gardens. 



Sfepeeti-GeiF liines. 



HERE are eight horse-car railroads 
in this city which have an aggregate 
length of about thirty-five miles. 
Nearly all lines connect at the corner 
of Seventh Street and Broadway on arrival 
of trains. 

Oakland and Alameda cars leave Piroad- 
way at Seventh Street for Park Street, 
Alameda; time, thirty-five minutes. These 
cars carry passengers to the Neptune Ciar- 
dens and Baths. 

Highland Park and Fruitvale cars leave 
East Oakland for Fruitvale, passing 
through Highland Park and stopping 
at the Hermitage. 

San Pablo Avenue line of cars leave 
Broadway and run along San Pablo 
Avenue to the Fair Grounds and Race 
Track to the section of the city called 
P2meryville. 



Street-Car Lines. 



115 



Telegraph Avenue street-car line leaves 
Broadway and Seventh Streets every seven 
minutes for Temescal; there connection is 
made with the steam dummy for Berkeley 
and the University. 

Broadway and Piedmont cars run from 
Seventh and Washington to Mountain 
View Cemetery and Piedmont; running 
time, twenty-five minutes. This is a very 
popular line. Passengers reach Blair's 
Park by this route. Cars leave on arrival 
of trains at Broadway Station. 

Fourteenth street-car line runs from 
Seventh and Washington to Sixteenth 
Street Depot, also Wood Street, Point 
Station; running time, twenty minutes. 
Leave Seventh and Washington every 
half-hour. 

Oakland, Brooklyn, and Fruitvale street- 
cars run from Seventh and Broadway to 
Thirteenth Avenue, East Oakland; run- 
ning time, twenty minutes. These cars 
pass Tubbs' Hotel and Lake Merritt Boat 
House. 

Market street-cars run from the junc- 
tion of Market and the Central Pacific 
Railroad, along Market and Adeline to 
Thirty-second Street. 

The City Council of Oakland has 
granted a franchise to J. G. Fair, Esq., 
the San Francisco capitalist, to operate a 
street railroad by cable or animal power 
from Broadway and Seventh Streets 
through Grove Street. 

One of the important and convenient 
ways of reaching Berkeley is by means of 
the Telegraph Avenue Street Railway and 
Dummy line. This road begins at 
Seventh and Broadway, where it makes 
close connection with the local train of the 
Central Pacific Railroad, and, running the 
length of Telegraph Avenue, connects 
with the Dummy line at Temescal, which 
has its terminus at the University Grounds. 
The trip from Broadway to the University 
is made in about forty minutes. A trip 



over this line gives one a fine view of the 
Golden Gate, and many of the beautiful 
residences which line the way. 

The cars begin their trips at 5:35 a. m., 
and run till 12:35 P- m. During the busy 
hours cars run every seven minutes. 



EFsadwaYeiFid f iedm®Hti dsiFS" 



HE Broadway and Piedmont Street 
Railroad connects Piedmont with 
the Broadway Station. A ride upon 
it during the pleasant weather of 
winter or in the early spring is like a de- 
lightful excursion into the country. It 
winds up to its destination through green 
fields belonging to Walter Blair, its builder, 
through blooming orchards and tree-bor- 
dered avenues, across or through which 
the cities by the sea and far-off villages 
and hills are visible. Horse railroads are 
usually prosaic means of traveling, but a 
trip by this one has the veritable air of ro- 
mance, and no visit to Oakland is complete 
without it. Branches of this road connect 
with Oakland Point and Alameda. 

This is the line that passes the en- 
trance of Blair's Park, a beautiful resort 
lately opened and free to visitors. 



fllemeda ai^d Ba^leiFKi GaPS. 



It may be interesting to the public 
generally to know that, aside from 
the steam cars that make hourly and 
"^ half-hourly trips from Oakland to 
Alameda, there is the Oakland and Ala- 
meda horse-car line that makes its reg- 
ular trips every half-hour during the day, 
connecting at Seventh and Broadway 
with the Central Pacific Railroad local 
trains to and from San Francisco. 

The cars run from Oakland to the 
Alameda Baths (fare five cents), giving 
passengers the shortest, cheapest, and 
most direct route to these resorts. 




*«t^^-fe 







^-^ \ 



"%^ 




^ " "' ' EVERTS BLOCK BROAOWAy 8, IP" STPEETS OAK 




ELLIOTT LITHOGRAPHING ESTABLfSHMEINT rc\ BROADWAY. OAK 







z.^j^.^^m'^-r^-rM, 



SALL I.I.. ., - ..i- /iL^r/iLDA FbRi^j'iLRE FALiuRV IZ^'^A. rP ufLU6i OAK 



^ 



^Lan/iyinrm^^ 



East 0al\leind. 



WAST OAKLAND was a separate 
TJ^ township until 1872, wlien it, by vote 
^\ of the inhabitants, became a part of 
^ Oakland and constitutes the Seventh 
Ward. East Oakland, or, as it is com- 
monly called, Brooklyn, is that part of 
Oakland lying east of Lake Merritt. 

Brooklyn, in addition to being a delight- 
ful residence locality, shows signs of 
greater business activity than almost any 
place of its size in California. The 
manufacturing interests are as follows: 
The only cotton mill in the State, a jute 
sack factory, employing about four hun- 
dred and fifty men, two tanneries, two 
breweries, a steam flouring- mill, an exten- 
sive terra-cotta manufactory, two potteries, 
a planing-mill, sash, door, and blind 
factory, and a number of wagon manufac- 
tories and repair shops. 

There are several railway stations along 
the Central Pacific within the township, 
and, with the street railroads and excellent 
carriage drives, all parts are made acces- 
sible, and many of the inhabitants of 
Brooklyn transact daily their business in 
San Francisco. Brooklyn is accounted 
one of the most desirable suburbs of San 
Francisco, and in summer many business 
men of that city resort hither on account 
of the quiet nnd picturesque retreats here 
afforded 

Then are many large residences and 

numerods pretty cottages. Of these we 

have been permitted to represent in thi.^ 

work those of Geo. R.Williams, 11 13 

(118) 



Eighth Avenue, and G. E. Yates, 1354 
Tenth Avenue. These are representative 
handsome homes, which abound in that 
section. 

Fruitvale is two miles and a half from 
East Oakland, and connected therewith 
by a horse railroad. It lies embowered 
in the hills just where Sausal Creek 
emerges from the Coast Range. An in- 
tervening ridge excludes the sea wind and 
creates an atmosphere of almost perpetual 
summer. A lonely valley in the heart of 
the Sierra could hardly have an air of 
greater quiet and repose. The residents 
are principally retired merchants, and 
persons engaged in raising fruit. A visit 
to these vineyards and cherry orchards is 
one of the attractions of Oakland. It is 
the fame of its fruit that has given name 
to the locality. 



§ighlaFid fai?!^. 



IGHLAND PARK is on elevated 
ground not far from the Brooklyn 
Station. It is one of the two points, 
in the neighborhood of Oakland, 
where the local road approaches the hills. 
It is therefore near the city, and yet in the 
heart of the country. Fifteen minutes' 
walk from the station and five minutes' 
ride on the street railroad, brings the vis- 
itor into the midst of shady canons and 
green hills covered with eucalyptus, cy- 
press, and locust, villas surrounded by 
neat lawns, and all the evidences of city 
refinement joined with rural comfort. 



Lake Merritt. 



119 



Ten years ago, when E. C. Sessions, the 
owner of the tract, began his improve- 
ments, it presented the smooth, round out- 
lines of all the foot-hill region. He had 
it laid out after the best principles of 
landscape gardening, and resolved that it 
should not be parted with, except to per- 
sons who would build well and continue 
the generous system of ornamentation 
which he had inaugurated. The protect- 
ive rules he established have been enforced. 

The property is sold in ample sub- 
divisions, or lots, none of which have 
less than loo feet front. The smallest are 
therefore large enough to contain large 
houses with lawn, garden, and the usual 
suburban accessories- The residences are 
built on the crests or higher portions of 
the hills, with grounds sloping into the 
depressions, so that Oakland, San Fran- 
cisco, and the ample features of the broad 
landscape, can be seen from every tower 
and balcony. The water is brought into 
every house from one of the reservoirs of 
the Contra Costa Water Company. All 
can have gas who desire it. The public 
schools are within a few blocks, and speedy 
means of communication permit the daily 
attendance of residents at any one of the 
private schools of Oakland or Berkeley. 



Liaise Meppitili. 



'HIS fine sheet of water is located 
within the limits of the city. It 
separates the central portion of East 
Oakland, covers an area of 240 acres, 
and is nearly five miles in circumference. 
It is a clear and wholesome sheet of water, 
a rare ornament to the city, and a beau- 
tiful feature of the landscape. Persons 
living along the lake provide their own 
boats for family use. It is a popular re- 
sort, and on summer afternoons its sur- 
face is dotted with the white sails of small 



crafts. Boats can be hired at boat-houses 
situated at the Twelfth Street crossing. 
Horse-cars pass along Twelfth Street and 
take passengers directly to the boat-house. 

A magnificent boulevard is about be- 
ing constructed around the lake. This 
will give a drive of somewhat over three 
miles, rivaling in completeness and pict- 
uresque loveliness anything artificial in 
the world. The plans provide for the 
construction of a boulevard 150 feet wide, 
nearly the entire distance to be taken up 
as follows: Next to the shore a side-walk, 
10 feet in width; then a single horse-car 
track for cars going out; next to this two 
carriage ways, each 40 feet in width, the 
one divided from the other by a row of 
trees, so that people making the circuit 
from one direction will all travel the same 
way, those coming from the other direc- 
tion passing on the other drive, thus avoid- 
ing any clashing or confusion, and in a 
large measure providing against accidents. 
Next to the carriage way is to be con- 
structed a separate and distinct track, 24 
feet wide, for the accommodation of 
equestrian parties; next to this a second 
horse-car track for returning cars. An- 
other side-walk, next to the bulkhead and 
lake, will occupy the remainder of the 
width of the way. 

The new boulevard would form a munic- 
ipal pleasure-ground and breathing-place, 
equal for beauty of outline and capacity 
for improvement to any on the continent. 
When the improvements are completed, 
as they are sure to be within a few years, 
there will be nothing of the kind in the 
world which will excel in loveliness this 
little sheet of water with its splendid res- 
idences, its green lawns filled with semi- 
tropical shrubbery terraced to the water's 
edge, its distant prospect, its white sails 
glistening in the sunlight, and its circling 
lights glowing and glistening with fairy- 
like splendor at night. 



'->'>H 



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s. 



JZ 



^ 



M<- 



.^jg^. 



QiUj QffiGeFS. 



;E city is governed by a board of 
seven councilmen selected from the 
different wards. The Mayor is 
elected by the people annually. 
E. W. Playter is the present Mayor, 
having been elected in March last. In 
his first message he recommended that 
large retrenchments be made in expenses 
of running the city government, and in 
no way, said he, can we do more to pro- 
mote the growth and prosperity of our 
fair city than by a rigid economy of ad- 
ministration. 

The Mayor is a native of New Jersey, 
and came to this coast from Buffalo, 
New York, in 1852. He settled in Oak. 
land in 1864, where he has resided since in 
the handsome residence illustrated in this 
work. 

The Council is composed of the follow- 
ing members: J. L. Carothers, J. H. 
Smith, T. L. Barker, T. G. Harrison, 
John Hackett, James McGiveney, and 
Henry Hayes. Mr. Cutter is President 
of the Council. G. M. Fisher is City 
Clerk and Treasurer; James M. Dillon, 
Assessor, and C T. Johns is City Attor- 
ney. 

(122) 



i©IiGe and BiFe Depar?tmer^t. 

HE city is districted into some eleven 
districts, patrolled by eighteen regu- 
lar police officers. One police officer 
is detailed to patrol all the local trains; 
'• there are two detectives; two sergeants, 
who patrol all over the city, keeping the 
officers in view at odd hours and places; 
one bailiff, two jailers, and one clerk. It 
will be observed that the territory em- 
braced in several districts is of large ex- 
tent, and it would be impossible for an 
i officer to make more than one or two 
I rounds in twelve hours. Yet this force 
i has no difficulty in keeping an orderly 
city, and few disturbances of magnitude 
occur. 

' The Fire Department was organized 
March 13, 1869, and is at the present time 
i composed of a chief engineer, two as- 
: sistant engineers, and a superintendent 
! of tire alarm and police telegraph, while 
I its force consists of 4 steamers, 5 two- 
wheel hose-carts, carrying 3,700 feet of 
hose, 2 hook and ladder trucks, 64 officers 
and men, 182 hydrants, 5 cisterns, and 
46 fire alarms. Water for the use of the 
department is supplied by the works of 
the Contra Costa Water Company. 



Real Estate and Valuations. 



123 



MaY©i^S ©f Bal^Iand. 

[he Mayors of Oakland, in the order 
of their election, are as follows, be- 
ginning with theyear of incorporation 
of the city: — 



tRs4- 


Horace W. Carpentier. 


1870. 


A. Williams. 


iSsS- 


Charles Campbell. 


1871. 


U. W. Spaulding. 


i8s6- 


S. H. Robinson. 


1872. 


U . W. Spaulding. 


t8s7. 


A. Williams. 


i»73. 


Henry Durant. 


t8s8. 


A. Williams. 


1874. 


Henry Durant. 


T8=;q. 


F. K. Shattuck. 


I87';. 


Mack Webber. 


1860. 


J. P. M. Davis. 


1876. 


E. H. Pardee. 


1867. 


J. P. M. Davis. 


1877. 


E. H.Pardee. 


T867. 


George M. Blake. 


1878. 


W. R. Andrus. 


186:5. 


W. H. Bovee. 


1879. 


W. R. Andrus. 


t86.i. 


Edward Gibbons. 


1880 


James E. Blethen 


i86s. 


B. F. Ferris. 


1881. 


James E. Blethen 


tS66. 


J. W. Dwinelle. 


1882. 


C. K. Robinson. 


1867. 


W. W. Crane, Jr. 


1883. 


J. West Martin. 


1 868. 


Samuel Merritt. 


1884. 


A. C. Henry. 


1869. 


John B. Felton. 


1885. 


E. W. Playter. 



Sal^land Real Esiiatie. 

j^ — 

"Following is the estimated value 

of lands and buildings belonging to 

^*4( the city of Oakland, the estimate 

having been made by City Assessor 

Dillon:— 

Fur'e & 

Property. Land. Bldgs. Apprtus. 

Prescott School - $ 7,600 $23,500 $4,500 

Cole " 8,925 32,500 4,000 

High " 10,700 33,000 7,000 

Tompkins " 4,800 20,000 4,500 

Grove Street School 6,500 3,000 1,000 

Lafayette School 28,000 12,000 3,000 

Durant " 4,000 29,500 3)70o 

Lincoln " 16,000 26,000 4,000 

Harrison " 2,000 600 

New Broadway School 7,000 10,000 1,500 

Swett School 5,000 5,000 800 

Franklin " . . 12,000 23,000 3,000 

32d Street, lot 2,400 

17th and West, lot 3,200 

East 14th Street, lot 1,100 

Total School property. .. .$110,225 $209,500 $36,100 

Fur'e & 

Property. Land. Bldgs. Apprtus. 

City Hall $140,000 $45,000 $10,000 

Library Building 2,500 11,300 

City Wharf 45,000 20,000 

Telegraph Dep't 21,400 

Street Dep't 2,765 

Fire Dep't Property 10,700 13,614 57.891 

Lafayette Square 28,000 

Jefferson " i6,ooo 

Washington " 90,000 

Franklin " 75.000 

Harrison " 17,000 

Oakland "' 28,000 

Lincoln " 28,000 

Plaza near Lake 6,000 

Clinton .Square 14,000 

Independence Square 25,000 

Totals $631,425 $290,614 $139,456 

Total value of all property owned by the city. . .$1,061,495 
Total value of the school property 385,824 



VALUATION OF PROPERTY. 

The following is a tabulated statement 
of the assessment and tax levy of this 
city, from i854to 1885, inclusive. Copied 
from the Tribune: — 



FISCAL 
VE.AR. 



1854-55 

1855-6 

1856-7 

1857-8 

1858-9 

1859-60 

1 860-1 

I 861-2 

1862-3 

1863-4 



i»68-9 

1869-70 

I 870-1 

1871-2 

1872-3 

1873-4 

1874-5 

1875-6 

1876-7 

1877-8 

1878-9 



V.ALUE OF 


RATE 












I'ROl'EUTY. 


OF TAX. 




1 100,905 


$x 


50 


$ 1,513 58 


428,662 




50 


6,429 93 


402,318 




50 


6,034 77 


354.275 




50 


S.314 13 


not comp. 




50 


not comp. 


not comp. 




50 


not comp. 


not comp. 




50 


not comp. 


not comp. 


no 


rate 


not comp. 


581,121 




00 


5.8x1 21 


794.121 




00 


7,941 12 


970,125 




00 


9,721 12 


1,107,949 




00 


12,187 44 


1,434,866 




60 


8,609 20 


1.832,438 




00 


18,344 ^8 


3.364,078 




00 


33,640 78 


4,257,204 




2S 


53,215 05 


4.563.767 




25 


57,016 72 


5.215,704 




50 


78,235 56 


6,647,039 




25 


83,087 99 


18,528,303 




70 


129,698 12 


19,869,162 




qo 


178,822 46 


22,200,706 




88 


195,366 21 


24,000,712 




88 


211,206 26 


28,845,028 




88 


227,436 23 


27,730,109 




OS 


291,166 14 


28,348,778 




oq 


309,001 68 


28,691,610 




iq 


341,449 04 


28,238,631 




05 


296,526 40 


28,289,650 




01 


285,751 89 


28,353,338 




80 


226,861 32 


28,794,919 




75 


215,970 00 


29,217,050 




98 


286,327 77 



The annexed table shows the condition 
of the City Clerk and Treasurer's accounts 
for the year ending August 31, 1885, 
and the city's financial expenses for one 
year: — 

Total receipts for year ending Aug. 31, 1885 . . .$501,940 27 
Total disbursements from September, 1884, to 

Augu.st 31, 1885 457,953 06 

Cash in the treasury on August 31, 1885, as per 

cash book 43,987 2 1 



Grand total ,.$501,94027 



The following statement will give a 
good idea of the extent of the city, the dis- 
tances reckoned from the post-ofiice: Ala- 
meda, 3^ miles; Neptune Gardens, 2 
miles; Berkeley, 4 miles; Fruitvale, 2^^ 
miles; Lake Merritt, |^ mile; Lakeside, 2 
miles; Mountain View- Cemetery, 2^ 
miles; Piedmont Springs, 4 miles; Temer. 
cal, 23^ miles; Emeryville, 2 miles; West 
Berkeley, 4^ miles; State University 
Buildings, 4 miles; Deaf and Dumb In- 
stitute, 3^ miles; Blair's Park, 3 miles. 



^^ 














WEST SERKELEY FLArxlllMG MILL. EO.F.NIEHAUS ^ BROS. 



i'iV.A*,A.A;jRi- '. ■ i ' 




EAST BERKELEY PLANING mILLT'"""*"" 



126 



Municipal Matters. 



WlFiQ GifeY Wapds. 



HERE are seven wards in the city. 

If Total area of land in city, 4,883 acres, 
or 7.629 square miles. The fol- 
lowing are the boundaries and the 
number of acres in each ward. 

First — 1,268 acres; bounded by north- 
ern boundary line of the city, Adeline 
Street, and water front (bay of San Fran- 
cisco). 

Second — 764 acres; bounded by north- 
ern boundary line of the city, Cemetery 
Creek, Eake Merritt, Twentieth Street, 
and Adeline Street. 

Third — 302 acres; bounded by Twenti- 
eth, Broadway, Tenth, and Adeline Streets. 

Fourth — 312 acres; bounded by Tenth 
Street, Broadway, estuary of San Antonio, 
and Adeline Street. 

Fifth — 216 acres; bounded by Twenti- 
eth Street, Lake Merritt Estuary, Tenth 
Street, and Broadway. 

Sixth — 236 acres; bounded by Tenth 
Street, estuary, and Broadway. 

Seventh is what is called East Oak- 
land. 

SaKIei^d et Gld. 

HIRTY years ago nearly all of Ala- 
meda County was included in Contra 
Costa. Courts were held at Mar- 
tinez. In the evening the fandango 
was the great entertainment of the whole 
court — judge, jury, sheriff, and prisoners 
— all in the mazy dance. The major, 
from Oakland, waltzed on the floor with 
a buxom senorita. 

A fandango room was usually sur- 
rounded with benches, and in an adjoin- 
ing room a bar, where it was incumbent 
upon the dancers to take the value of a 
couple of dimes in licjuor or lemonade 
after each dance, in compensation tor the 
amusement- The music usually consisted 



of two Spanish harps, on which the Mexi- 
cans are adepts at playing. But times 
have greatly changed. 

Oakland was incorporated March 25, 
1S54, with seven councilmen, mayor, etc. 

In i860 its population was 15,200. In 
1880, 39,175, and estimated for 1885 at 
46,000. 



EMBERS of Board of Supervisors: 
— Henry Dusterberry, District No. 
i; Thomas Molloy, District No. 2; 
Bart Morgan, District No. 3; J. J. 
Hanifin, District No. 4; Wm. S. Pelouze, 
District No. 5. J. J. Hanifin, Chairman; 
Chas. T. Boardman, Clerk. 

Judges of Superior Court — District No. 
1, Noble Hamilton; District No. 2, E. M. 
Gibson; District No. 3, W. E. Greene. 

Members of Assembly — W. H. Jordan, 
T. C. Morris, J. F. Black, Geo. W. Wat- 
son, Walter M. Haywood, F.J. Moffitt. 

County Officers — County Clerk, Chas. 
T. Boardman; Auditor, Chas. T. Board- 
man; Recorder, F. D. Hinds; Treasurer 
and Tax Collector, J. A. Webster; Sheriff, 
W. E. Hale; Surveyor, George L. Nus- 
baumer; Superintendent of Public In- 
struction, P. M. Fisher. 

Senators — Geo. E. Whitney and Henry 
Vrooman. 




4tLiitepatiUPe and MpI.i^- 



-'■^lyx/l/b^Umn^^ 



Bi?fe and pplisfeg. 

ijAKLAND can lay claim to little in 
the way of variety of art work. It 
has some fine photographic estab- 
lishments, among which is the fine 
gallery of W. W. Dames, which has been 
sketched and lithographed for this work. 
It is well worth a visit by those who ad- 
mire artistic work. 

The lithographic art has only one rep- 
resentative establishment in Oakland — 
that of W. W. Elliott, 921 Broadway, 
where several artists are constantly em- 
ployed. 

The Ebell Society is one of the most 
noted of literary organizations, which 
meets for mutual improvement of its 
members and other literary work. 



'ARDLY a m.onth passes," says the 
Oakland Times, "that does not see 
the founding of some new and 
important business enterprise in 
this city. The latest of these is the open- 
ing of a lithographic printing establish- 
ment, by W. W. Elliott, at No. 921 Broad- 
way. Mr. Elliott is well known on this 
coast, where he has for a number of years 
followed his profession. During this time 
he has published a number of excellent 
and beautiful works, descriptive and illus- 
trative of more than half the counties in 



the State, as also of Idaho and Arizona. 
These works illustrate the scenery and re- 
sources of California admirably, and will 
no doubt attract much attention and add 
to the prosperity of the State. 

"Mr. Elliott has printed maps of differ- 
ent localities, and his late issue of the 
only complete map of Idaho ever pub- 
lished, has met with a large demand in 
that locality and in the East. He has 
lately completed Nutting's Map of '100 
miles around San Francisco.' A reporter 
of this paper who visited his establish- 
ment was shown a number of samples in 
the line of bank checks, letter heads, and 
various styles of business engraving and 
lithographing. 

"Oakland business men who have the 
interests of their city at heart, will do well 
to consult Mr. Elliott before giving their 
orders to other parties. His work is quite 
as good as any and much superior to a 
good deal that is done in San Francisco. 
It is the only lithographing in this city.*' 



0eil\land ^ewgpapei?S. 

jfHERE are numerous daily, weekly, 

and monthly publications of ability, 

of which much might be said in 

favor. We give the following list: — 

The Oakland Evening Tribune was 

started on Saturday, February 21, 1874^ 

by Ben A. Dewes and George B. Stani- 

ford. It was of small size but good typo- 

(127) 




ODD FELLOWS HALL. BERKELEY. CAL. 



180 



Oakland Publications. 



graphical appearance. It was distributed 
free of charge, depending for support on 
its advertising patronage. The paper was 
scon increased in size, and owned and 
managed by different i)arties until July 
24, 1876, William E. Dargie, the i)re.s- 
ent manager of the paper, bought 
out Messrs. Staniford iS: Nightingill, and 
he still retains control. New life and 
energy were put in the paper, and the 
proper organization of the business de- 
partments was fully attended to, and es- 
pecial attention given to that which was of 
interest to the people of Oakland and 
Alameda County. In addition to this 
much telegraphic and general news and 
well-selected miscellany were presented to 
its readers. Within a month after his 
purchase, Mr. Dargie succeeded in ob- 
taining the Associated Press dispatches, 
which no other paper in Alameda County 
before or since has done. At the end of 
the first year the business and circulation 
of the pajier rapidly increased. 

On October i, 1877, the Tribune was 
moved to more commodious quarters at 
406 Twelfth Street, and a book bindery 
and job department were added. One of 
Hoe's double cylinder presses was pur- 
chased on which to print the paper, and a 
t'.vo-roUer cylinder press was bought for 
the book and job department. On No- 
vember I, 1 88 1, the Tribune was moved 
to its present central and roomy quarters 
at 413-417 Eighth Street. The Tribune 
has a circulation of about 5,000, and is 
found in nearly every household through- 
out Alameda County. It is Republican 
in politics, and is printed by the Tributie 
Publishing Company, W. E. Dargie, Man- 
a-^er, and T. T. Dargie, Secretary. 

The Alameda Encittal is the pioneer 
paper of the county, having been estab- 
lished in September, 1869. It is a large 
and influential journal, with a good circu- 
lation. It is edited and published by 



F. K. Krauth, at 1520 Park Street, Ala- 
meda. 

'I'he Oakland Times is issued by the 
Times Publishing Company, an incorpora- 
tion organized October, 1878, with $100,- 
000 capital. It has published a daily and 
weekly issue continuously from that time 
to date. At the present it is, in politics, 
independent, criticising either party, and 
siding with neither. It has a regular cir- 
culation of over 2,000 copies. Mr. J. B. 
Wyman is editor, and W. R. Bentley, bus. 
iness manager. 

The Oakland Enquirer was started 
about five years ago by the late Dan. W . 
(ielwicks, under the style of the Oakland 
Independent. The paper is now and has 
always been Democratic. About a year 
ago the plant came into the possession of 
Assemblyman Moffitt, who is now its sole 
editor and proprietor, and who has re- 
christened the paper the Enquirer. The 
office is located in the Union Bank Build- 
ing, at the corner of Ninth and Broad- 
way. It is published twice a week, has a 
large circulation, and is delivered by car- 
riers for 25 cents a month. 

The daily Evening Express has lately 
been established, and is in a flourishing 
condition. L. M. Allum is business man- 
ager, and W. W. McKaig, editor. It is 
quite outspoken in its views. Each de- 
partment is under special and efficient 
supervision. The Express is a well-printed 
publication, containing all the latest tele- 
graphic and local news, with well digested 
editorials and well-v/ritten articles on 
special subjects. 

California Medical Journal is published 
monthly by H. T. Webster, M. D., and is 
a 48-page journal devoted to medicine. 

The Berkeley Advocate is now in its 
ninth volume, and is published every week, 
by H. N. Marquand, who aims to give all 
the local news of its locality. 

'i'he Berkeleyan is in its nineteenth vol- 



Oakland Publications. 



131 



ume, and is published at the office of the 
Students' University Press. It is pub- 
lished fortnightly by an associated company 
of students of the University of California. 

The Occident is also published weekly 
at the University of California. 

The Church and Sunday-school, a little 
paper, issued by the pastors, Sunday- 
school, and yoke-fellows of the First Con- 
gregational Church of this city, is meet- 
ing with much deserved success. 

The Brooklyn Eagle is a weekly paper 
published at 555 Twelfth Street, East Oak 
land. It is now in its second volume 
and its editor and publisher is W. T_ 
Bailey. It gives all the local news of the 
vicinity, and is thus made valuable to resi- 
dents of that part of town. 

West Oakland Sentinel, as its name 
implies, is published for the benefit of 
West Oakland. It is a large 8-page 
weekly, and is in its fourth volume. It is 
ably edited and managed, and is fearless 
in its expressions. Fonda & Co., 379 
Tenth Street, are its publishers. 

The Alameda semi-weekly Argus is 
issued at Alameda on Wednesdays and 
Saturdays. It is a 7-column journal. Re- 
publican in politics, and circulates very 
thoroughly among the 7,000 residents of 
the encinal of Alameda. It was estab- 
lished in 1877, and its founder, T. G. 
Daniells, is still the sole proprietor. It is 
one of the most prominent interior journals 
in the county. 

The Gnostic is a 24-page monthly mag- 
azine, well printed, by Messrs. Fonda & 
Co., of 379 Tenth Street. It is devoted 
to Theosophy, Spiritualism, Occult Phe- 
nomena, and the Cultivation of the Higher 
Life. Its publishers and editors are 
George Chainey and Anna Kimball. 

Practical Supplemental Studies, for use 
in public and private schools, is a 24- 
page monthly, published at 520 Fifteenth 
Street, Oakland, by J. B. McChesney c\: 



Co. Terms: one copy, one year (10 
months), $1.25. Five copies or more, to 

one address, per copy, $1.00. 

The Sigfis of the Times, a 16-page 
weekly paper, is devoted to the doctrines 
and interests of the denomination known 
as Seventh-day Adventists. It was insti- 
tuted in 1874, and has had a remarkably 
successful career, its circulation reaching 
25,000 copies weekly. It is published by 
the Pacific Press Publishing House, at 
$2.00 per year. 

The Herald of Truth, an 8-page semi- 
monthly, is the organ of the Baptist 
Church, and the only Baptist paper issued 
in California. It is edited and published 
by Rev. G. S. Abbott, D. D., Superin- 
tendent of the American Baptist Publica- 
tion Society's depository in Oakland. The 
subscription price of the Herald xs $1.00 
a year. 

The Holiness Evatigelist is an 8-page 
monthly journal, purporting to be " an in- 
dependent paper in the interest of Bible 
Christianity." It is edited and published 
by Rev. A. Coplin, 1171 Broadway, Oak- 
land, at 75 cents a year. 

The Alameda Reporter is in its second 
volume, and is published at Alameda by 
the Reporter Publishing Co. A. Megahn 
is editor and manager. 

The AVest Oakland Home Journal is 
published at West Oakland by M. L. 
Hanscom & Co., at 869 Wood Street. It 
gives much attention to local items, which 
is the chief value of a home journal. 

The Carrier Dove is a monthly publica- 
tion devoted to modern Spiritualism and 
edited by Mrs. J. Schlesinger, at 854^ 
Broadway. 

Oakland Ingleside is published at 969 
Broadway, by John M. Lathrop, who is 
manager. 

Of amateur journals, there is published 
at Alameda the Bumble Bee. R. H. 
Magill, Jr., is the editor. 



134 



Oakland Publishing House. 



The Pacific Health Journal and Tem- 
perance Advocate is a bi-monthly magazine 
of 24 pages, yet in its first year, but meet- 
ing with encouraging success. It is edited 
by Elder J. H. Waggoner, and published 
by the Pacific Press, at 50 cents a year. 



¥l7e faeifiG PpeSs. 



'HIS popular publishing house is one 
of the prominent business features 
of Oakland. The property owned 
by the association is located on 
the corner of Twelfth and Castro Streets, 
and the commodious buildings are in 
keeping with that desirable and well-im- 
proved section of the city. 

The business of the institution is varied 
and extensive. Here are published and 
sent forth the books and pamphlets of the 
denomination known as Seventh-day Ad- 
ventists; and the well-known weekly paper, 
The Signs of the Times ^ which the proprie- 
tors claim circulates in every part of the 
world where the English language is 
spoken. Also, a variety of health and 
temperance works, and the Pacific Health 
Journal and Tempera7ice Advocate, which 
is rapidly gaining popularity. 

This house also issues valuable works 
of a secular character, the latest being a 
" History of California," beginning with 
the earliest voyages of the Spanish and 
English navigators to the Pacific Coast. 
The author is Theodore H. Hittell, Escp, 
of San Francisco, a pioneer and graphic 
writer of considerable note. This work is 
complete in two volumes of 800 pages each. 
Aside from proprietary publications, 
this establishment does a general book 
and job printing business, book-binding, 
paper ruling, blank-book manufacturing, 
electrotyping, stereotyping, wood-engrav- 
ing, etc. All the various departments are 
thoroughly equipped with the best facili- 
ties and first-class machinery. 



There is also kept on hand a varied 
supply of books and stationery, including 
a fine line of Bibles of all sizes, and helps 
to Bible study, such as concordances, 
dictionaries, and commentaries. Also 
books for the family circle and Sabbath- 
school library, and valuable books sold 
only by subscription. Of the latter may 
be mentioned the "Home Hand-Book of 
Hygiene and Rational Medicine," a very 
large and complete manual of diseases 
and remedies; by J. H. Kellogg, M. D., 
of Michigan State Board of Health. 
Also "Parson's Hand-Book of Business 
and Social Forms," a comprehensive and 
reliable aid in all the ordinary walks of life. 

The Pacific Press has had a successful 
career of over ten years, has kept pace 
with the characteristic enterprise of this 
growing city, and has done much towards 
spreading the fame of Oakland while 
building up its own extended reputation. 

See page 63 for illustration of the build- 
ing owned by this association. 



The publisher of this book, W. W. El 
liott, lithographer, Oakland, makes a 
specialty of getting up illustrated descrip- 
tive works, keeping constantly employed 
artists and engravers adapted to this line 
of work. He is also doing all kinds of 
letter and bill-heads, checks, drafts, and 
other lithographic work. 

"One of the finest engraving establish- 
ments on this coast is that under the man- 
agement of W. W. Elliott, at 921 Broad- 
way, this city. There is no better work 
in the liqe executed anywhere than is 
turned out at this place, as any one can 
find out by visiting his rooms, and yet 
some Oakland people go to San I-'rancisco 
to get this class of work done. Mr. I'^.l- 
liott's work goes into almost every county 
in the State." — Evepiing Express. 



Ii©6eifei8n ©^ BeiflveleY. 

Q0ERKELEY has hitherto seemed re- 
iO tired from the observation of the 
Ch, tourist and pleasure-seeker. Its story 
has been untold, and its charms un- 
sung, while its neighbors have noisily pro- 
claimed their virtues in the ears of the 
world. 

Seen from San Francisco on a bright 
spring afternoon, Berkeley seems a gray 
ribbon-like strip, drawn close in between 
the water and the hills. More nearly ob- 
served, it expands into a broad slope, or 
tilted plain, with a rise so gradual that, in 
crossing it, one attains a considerable 
elevation before he is aware that he has 
left the level of the ocean. Hence it has 
height without the effort of ascent, and 
those desirable accidents of height, pure 
air, and an ample prospect, which includes 
plain, valley, mountain, inlet, island, and 
nearly every other incidental feature of 
earth, water, and atmosphere, considered 
essential to fine landscape. This natural 
panorama of San Francisco Bay and the 
adjacent hills is specially remarkable. 

The town of Berkeley lies on the east- 
ern shore of San Francisco Bay, facing 
the Golden Gate. Behind it are the gen- 
tle acclivities of the Coast Range, broken 



by canons which reach far into its soli- 
tudes. 



Ben'l^eler RegideHGes. 

||,j^ MONG the more conspicuous resi- 
dences are those of the Messrs. H. 
A. and C. T. H. Palmer, situated at 
the entrance to Strawberry Canon, 
on what Professor LeConte calls a ter- 
minal moraine, and at an elevation of not 
less than three hundred and fifty feet 
above tide-water. Houses and grounds 
are in excellent taste. The prospect from 
the point is superb. H. A. Palmer is the 
President of the Union Savings and Union 
National Banks of Oakland. 

F. K. Shattuck a few years ago erected 
a beautiful residence on the avenue of the 
same name. The house is surrounded 
by trees, shrubbery, and flowers of many 
kinds, to which constant additions are 
made. Our artist has made an illustra- 
tion of this place, which gives some idea 
of its immediate surroundings. 

Among our illustrations is the residence 
of J. L. Barker, on D wight Way. This 
fine house is surrounded with a great 
variety of choice shrubbery and orna- 
mental trees. Walks and carriage drives 
are laid out with taste and care. 

(135) 



138 



Advantages of Berkeley, 



Among other pleasant 
homes, we may mention 
those of Mrs. M. Hille- 
gass, J udge Philip Teare, 
C. K. Clark, F. H. Law- 
ton, H. B. Berryman, J- 
K. and Robert Stewart, 
and many others. 

The town is full of 
pleasant and beautiful 
homes. Every one here 
can sit down, literally, 
under his own vine and 
fig-tree. 

The architecture of Berkeley houses is 
free and of great variety. It is not lim- 
ited in regard to style. Touches of the 
renaissance are mingled with traces of 
the time of Queen Anne, outlines of the 
Swiss Qhalet, and ideas that are strictly 
modern and Californian. 





KKI, I. ()()(; SC HOOL, liERKi;i.i:V. 



jHE natural slope of the town location 
offers extraordinary facilities for a 
good sewerage system. Such a sys- 
tem has been adopted, and eight 
miles of main lines will soon be com- 
pleted. The rate of grade in the mains 
for their whole length is over loo feet to 



SAN PABLO SCHOOL, WKST BERK1;LE\ . 

the >ni/e, and the sewerage is discharged- 
into San Francisco Bay below mean tide- 
Plans for the construction of several miles 
of lateral sewers are being prepared, and 
they will be built as soon as the mains 
are ready for connecting. The building 
of these will be continued till the system 
is completed, 
thus making 
Berkeley one of 
the best seavered 
towns in this or 
any other State. 
The sewers are 
constructed of 
the best (quality 
of vitrified iron 
stone pipe, care- 
fully laid and 
jointed with 
best Portland 
cement. 



The capacity of the system adopted is 
sufficient for the needs of a population far 
greater than the area of the town could 
accommodate, their estimated capacity 
being ample for upwards of 80,000 per- 
sons, at the same time the expense for 
each lot of 50 feet frontage is insignificant 
compared with the benefits to be gained. 



Settlement of Berkeley. 



13!) 



EaplY ^efefelementi of Bepl^elev- 



T an early date in the history of Oak- 

\\ land came four men to Contra Costn 
for pastime, expecting soon to st.j i 
for the East. They had been quite- 
successful as miners. Being men of good 
judgment they took in at a glance the sit- 
uation, and concluded to remain. They 
took possession of one mile square of land 
above Vicente Peralta grant which event- 
ually made them all wealthy. These names 
are George M. Blake, F. K. Shattuck, 
William Hillegass, and James Leonard. 

F. K. Shattuck is the only one living 
at this date. He has occupied a promi- 
nent position in the government of the 
county most of the time. 

In 1868. the site of the State University 
was selected, and appropriately named 
Berkeley. At the nearest point to it on the 
bay was a small village called Ocean View, 
the name of which was afterward changed 
to West Berkeley. Hence came the dis- 
tinction between East and West Berkeley, 
the former meaning the high and pictur- 
esque lands about the University, and the 
latter the western edge of the plateau near 
the shore of the bay. The two villages 
are under the same local government. 
They are connected by University Avenue, 
a broad and handsome thoroughfare, set 
with trees, of which the new town hall 
is one of the chief ornaments. 

The town organization was effected in 
1878. Its executive power is vested in a 
Board of Trustees, and a school board 
comprising six members, two of whom re- 
tire every year. The care taken in plac- 
ing the best and most intelligent citizens 
in charge of school affairs indicates an 
earnest desire to keep the admirable sys- \ 
tem clean and perfect. The real life ol 
the town dates from the location of the 
University. 



^'©yFidiFigS. 



ff.HE village of B«rkeley, besides its 
'I' educational attractions, is a most 
|<A agreeable place of residence. It lies 
five miles north of Oakland on a 
plateau which slopes from a height of five 
iiundred feet on the hill-side to the level 
of the bay. Every house, therefore, has a 
splendid outlook. Berkeley dates its ori- 
gin from the establishment of the State 
University here in 1873. There were then 
scarcely half a dozen houses within its 
limits. Now over an area of eight square 
miles there is an unbroken succession of 
pretty cottages embowered in vines, rose- 
bushes, and fruit trees; churches, school- 
houses, and rising above them all the 
buildings of the University, grouped at the 
very base of the Coast Range on a terrace 
more than three hundred feet above tide- 
water. 

The entire town has the advantage of 
altitude, good air, and the best of water 
drawn through tunnels from hidden reser- 
voirs in the hills. San Francisco can be 
reached every half hour by the local trains 
which run till midnight. Property owners, 
whether holding land for sale or for home- 
steads, take just pride in the town, and are 
making systematic efforts to increase its 
natural beauties. 

There is scarcely a vacant lot without 
its quota of evergreen and deciduous trees 
in the more compact portions of the town, 
which is rapidly becoming a forest from 
the south line at Shellmound and Oakland 
to the limits of Contra Costa County on 
the north. It is impossible to look in any 
direction without seeing groups of euca- 
lypti and Lombardy poplars, masses of 
pines, spruces, cedars, and cypresses, in 
terspersed with meadows, fruit-orchards, 
and nearly every variety of tree 



140 



CHAKMINd RiNlDKNCE LOCATIONS. 



ReSQUPGts and pdvaRtageS. 



BERKELEY is well supplied with 
water of the best quality. You can 
hardly penetrate the hills anywhere 
without finding it perfectly pure, and 
ready to burst forth at the touch. 

The Alameda Water Company, which 
furnishes Berkeley willi water, has two 
reservoirs, from which the town is sup- 
l^licd, sketches of which appear in this 
work. Reservoir No. i is located on the 
top of a hill south of the Asylum, cut out 
of the rock, which has a capacity of 
2,500,000 gallons. It is supplied with 
pure mountain water, brought by a tunnel 
3,000 feet in length. As it enters this 
reservoir through a four-inch pipe, under 
a full head, it throws up a column of 
water fully sixty feet high. Reservoir No. 
2 is located in the hills back of Mr. 
Berryman's residence, and has a capacity 
of 23,000,000 gallons. It is also sup- 
plied^by a tunnel 900 feet long from the 
mountain. The distributing tank forces 
the water into the main supply pipes, 
while the tower in the reservoir is con- 
nected with the main pipe, to supply 
when needed. The water is conducted 
through all the streets, and to West Ber- 
keley, and Temescal. 

Gas mains are laid, and a gasometer, 
placed by the Oakland Gas Company, for 
lighting streets and residences. 

The town is as well supplied with 
churches as with schools, the Episcopa- 
lians, Presbyterians, Methodists, Congre- 
gationaiists, and Catholics all being repre- 
sented, and all having neat and commo- 
dious church edifices. 

With schools of every grade, churches 
of every denomination, water and gas in 
every house, marvelous beauty of nature 
on every side, and a railroad to nearly 
every door, Berkeley certainly is rich in 



iiKjral and ]jhysical advantages. What the 
country does not su[)ply, the great city 
reaches out its generous hands across the 
water to liberally furnish. 

Berkeley is popularly known as the 
"center of learning for California," and 
the title is not a misnomer. The refining 
influences which result from the presence 
of numerous State, public, and i:)rivate in- 
stitutions of learning; the healthfulncss 
and peculiar charms of climate and scen- 
ery; its proximity to the city and the con- 
sequent facilities for travel and business, 
all conspire to render Berkeley a most de- 
sirable place of residence. 

The location of the College of Cali- 
fornia, at Berkeley, was in part the result 
of liberal donations of land by owners of 
property in the vicinity. Mr. Geo. M. 
Blake made a donation of ten acres of 
land bordering on Strawberry Creek. Mr. 
Wm. Hillegass gave a deed for twenty 
acres, for a nominal consideration, on 
which the Agricultural College is now 
located. 

F. K. Shattuck has some of the finest 
residence property in Berkeley for sale by 
the lot or acre. He can be found for the 
transaction of business at 467 Ninth 
Street, Oakland. 

G^apming Ii0Gafei©FiS. 



RESIDENCE in Berkeley has in 
*^^ itself many peculiar advantages To 
begin with, the town has an excep- 
tional situation, lying on a gentle 
slope leading from the bay up to the 
Contra Costa hills, the upper portion 
being broken by picturestjue canons, 
pathways for limpid mountain brooks, 
whose natural beauties enhance the 
grounds of many elegant homes. Resi- 
dences situated on this sunny slope, with 
a background of magnificent hills, com- 



14:> 



Progress of Berkeley. 



mand a most superb and diversified 
view. 

There are so many pretty and pleasing 
views to be obtained from different points 
in Berkeley that one hardly knows which 
is the best. Perhaps one of the finest 
can be obtained from the residence of 
Judge York. His residence, which stands 
at a high elevation, commands a view of 
the entire town, reaching to the shores of 
the bay from the C. P. R- R. wharf to 
San Pablo, while the bay, with Alcatraz 
and the Golden Gate, are spread out like 
a panorama. 

Many of the most charming homes 
have been located upon the slopes of the 
mountains in the warm belt, and flowers 
and shrubs have a wonderful growth. 

Among the finest locations in Berkeley 
is that selected by Mr. \V. Hillegass, one 
of its earliest pioneers, to whom reference 
has already been made. Over twenty 
years ago he selected here a beautiful 
tract adjoining the present site of the 
State University, and commanding a 
splendid panoramic view of the (iolden 
Gate, the Bay of San Francisco, and the 
surrounding towns. Some of the choicest 
residence lots in town are offered for sale 
by the Hillegass Estate. These lots, 
which adjoin some of the finest improve- 
ments in Berkeley, are comprised in two 
beautiful tracts, aggregating about one 
hundred acres, and unsurpassed in the 
matter of view, elevation, location, etc. 
A view of Mrs. Hillegass' residence will 
be found on another page. 

Among the many beautiful residences 
and grounds are those of Judge Garber, 
situated on Claremont Avenue on an ele- 
vated plateau, close to the foothills, and 
overlooking the town and bay and with a 
fine view of the Golden Gate in the dis- 
tance. The grounds are laid out with 
taste and care, and, being so near the 
foothills, are above the reach of frost; 



hence, you find flourishing here tropical 
trees and plants. The orange trees, of 
which there are a goodly number, with 
their rijjc fruit and the blossoms, form a 
pleasing feature of the landscape. This 
location is in a very sheltered spot, or 
warm belt, where the gardens have a ten- 
dency to run to rare and choice shrubs 
and marvelous flowers. 

Berryman Station, the present terminus 
of the Berkeley branch of the C. P. R. R., 
was named in honor of Mr. H. B. Berry- 
man, of Berkeley, a view of whose house 
and grounds will be found on another 
page. Mr. Berryman has large interests 
in Berkeley, and is a stirring, energetic 
citizen. 



ERKELEY is growing rapidly, says 
the Advocate. Improvements can be 
seen in all sections of the town, and 
yet the demand for houses exceeds 
the supply. Residence pro])erty here 
brings a better income from cash ca[)ital 
than when employed in usury or deposited 
in banks. San Francisco men are now 
learning that a much handsomer and 
more comfortable home may be made for 
a given sum of money in this town than 
in San Francisco, and that there is no 
material difference in the amount of time 
consumed in going to and from their 
places of business. They are learning, 
too, that in performing these journeys it 
is vastly more pleasant to travel on pala- 
tial ferries and luxuriously equipped trains, 
than work their passage by standing up 
and hanging on to the grip-straps in the 
San Francisco street cars. 

Most far-seeing and intelligent men of 
either ample or moderate means, recog- 
nize the fact that choice business lots in 
Berkeley can now be secured for less 
money and on better terms 



Berkeley Improvements. 



143 






JULY, 1885. 

JnURING the past year great changes 
ijjlj and improvements have taken place 
©5 in the immediate vicinity of Dwight 
Way Station, and to the north and 
east of it. The Berkeley Village Im- 
provement Association, of which Mr. 
Reuben Rickard is President, and Mr. 
|as. L. Barker is Vice-President and Man- 
ager, having its office at Dwight Way 
Station, has been mainly instrumental in 
making the improvements which are so 
noticeable. 

This institution has erected and nearly 
completed twenty dwellings in the above 
neighborhood — all of them good, sub- 
stantial, tasteful residences, built to the 
order of their owners. 

Mr. Barker, the Manager, was the prime 
mover in inducing the Central Pacific to 
extend their road to Berkeley. He now 
devotes all of his time and energy to the 
substantial and tasteful improvement of 
the town. 

Reel Estiiifee. 



JULY, 1885. 

HE advantages of Berkeley, as a place 
of residence, have never been so 
fully presented to the outside pub- 
lic as during the past two years, and 
the credit belongs more particularly to 
the popular Real Estate Agents, Jas. L. 
Barker and Chas. H. McLenathen, who 
have been associated since January, 1884. 
They have their office at Dwight Way 
Station with the Berkeley Village Im- 
provement Association, of which ' Mr. 
Barker is Manager. 

Mr. Barker is an "old resident of the 
town. Everybody knows him and he 



knows everybody " — he is authority on 
Berkeley Real Estate. 

Mr. McLenathen gives all of his time 
and attention to the Real Estate and In- 
surance business. He is always on hand 
to show property and is an affable and 
courteous gentleman. 

They make a specialty of Berkeley 
property, but are prepared to negotiate 
for outside property in exchange. They 
have lots of all sizes and to suit all pur- 
ses, but not one in a poor location, either 
in point of healthfulness or outlook for 
scenery 

They report that they have yet to hear 
of a customer who regrets having moved 
to Berkeley, on the contrary all are rec- 
omn" ending and urging their friends to 
move over and share in their enjoyment. 



BoaFd %l ^F^i'^ePSifeY Regentig. 



His Excellency GEORGE STONEMAN, Sacra- 
mento, Governor, ex-officio. President of the Board. 

His Honor JOHN DAGGETT, Oakland, Lieutenant- 
Governor. 

Hon. H. M. La Rue, Sacramento, SJ-eaker of the 
Assembly. 

Hon. W. T. WELCKER, Sacramento, State Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction . 

Hon. p. a. FINIGAN, 1248 California Street, San 
Francisco, President of the State Agricultural So- 
ciety. 

P. B. CORNWALL, Southeast Corner Spear and 
FoLSOM Streets, San Francisco, President of the 
Mechanics' Institute. 

W. T. REID, a. M., Corner Ellsworth and All- 
STON Streets, Berkeley, President of the University. 
There are appointed, in addition to the above number 

other leading citizens from all parts of the State, which 

comprise the full Board. 

Tuition in the Colleges of Science and 
of Letters is free to residents of Califor- 
nia. Students from other States pay a 
matriculation fee of twenty-five dollars, 
and a tuition fee of fifty dollars a year. 
A small charge is made for chemicals in 
the Chemical Laboratory. This is often 
met by rendering services. Upon gradu- 
ation, a fee of ten dollars is charged for a 
diploma. 



144 



Why Hi: Likkd Berkeli;\ 



VJhy He Iiil\CGl Ber?l\eleY- 



HI'- following is from a letter written 
by a physician, who, after experi- 
ence in the army, and fourteen 
years' practice in one of the princi- 
pal cities of New England, came to Cali- 
fornia on account of shattered health, 
in search of an equable climate, com- 
bined with the conveniences and refine- 
ments of easy and intellectual life. He 
says :— 

" In climate, Berkeley leaves very little 
to be desired, having in fact one of the 
most temperate and equable in the whole 
State. Situated just opposite the Golden 
Gate, but separated from it by the width 
of the bay, and nearly three miles of 
gently rising land — about twelve miles in 
all — its summer temperature is moderated 
by breezes direct from the Pacific. And 
you must remember that these breezes 
not only bring the life and health-giving 
properties of the sea, but are cooled by 
passing over the descending Japanese 
gulf stream. These trades, which tor- 
ment San Francisco as dust-rising winds, 
have generally, according to their vio- 
lence, either died away or so slanted up 
(in their effort to get over the Contra 
Costa Range) that, by the time they have 
reached Berkeley, they are only welcomed 
as summer zephyrs. But their benefi- 
cence, both as health-givers and disease- 
destroyers, cannot well be over-estimated. 
The winter climate, too, is charming ; the 
rain-fall averaging about twenty-five inches, 
while the cold is not often sufficient even 
to kill heliotropes. 

"'The lay of the land,' also, is all that 
could be asked for. The Contra Costa 
Range, lying just to the east and north, 
protects us, in a great measure, from the 



Lsol.iting and irritating ' northers ; ' while, 
.i\jm this range, the land slopes gradually 
and beautifully to the bay three miles 
away. This slope gives ample facilities 
for drainage, particularly in this, the east- 
ern part of the town, which is from two 
to three hundred feet above the level of 
the bay, and where ' hardpan ' is from 
forty to fifty feet below the surface. 

" The water su[)ply, although not abso- 
lutely of the best (juality, and in some 
needof further filtering, isam[)le, good, and 
reasonably free from danger of contamina- 
tion. It is drawn from a number of 
springs near the crest of the hills to res- 
ervoirs, and thence distributed. The 
services of su])ply are therefore far above 
any risk from sewers or such like hidden 
dangers; and we may congratulate our- 
selves u])on the fact that this water is 
almost universally used in this part of the 
town. From what I have said of the cli- 
mate, the lay of the land, and natural 
drainage, you will see that malaria is an 
utter impossibility; and an epidemic of 
either of the zymotic diseases almost as 
much so. In the five years of my resi- 
dence I have known of a few sporadic 
cases of typhoid and scarlet fever ; but 
there has been no spread, because the ve- 
hicle of communication was wanting. 

" I cannot do more, now, than touch 
upon the other only less important ad- 
vantages of this as a place of residence : 
its magnificent views, exceeding anything 
I remember even in my wide journeyings 
in Europe and America; admirable edu- 
cational facilities, and accessibility to 
cities, markets, shops, and libraries, al- 
though these are the very items that go so 
far to make up human ease and comfort. 
But I say to you, after a residence of five 
years, that I, as a physician, an invalid, 
and the father of a family, am satisfied, 
and beg you to make a trial of it. And, if 
you do, I prophesy that you will — stay." 




W. J. DINGEE REAL ESTATE OFFICE, EIGHTH STREET. 



Real Bsfeatie. 



||R0PERTY in and about such a fa- 
'*^ vored spot as Oakland naturally 
commands a good price. This is 
particularly so for choice residence 
spots; but when compared with prices 
elsewhere, residence property of Oakland 
will be found much below the average. 
There are always, in every place, some 
good improved places to be had. 

Homes can be purchased at all prices, 
from the neat little tasty cottage at 
$1,500, to the more pretentious residence 
at $3,000 to $5,000, or the elegant man- 
sion at $10,000 and upwards. Each can 
select a site according to his taste, — hotels, 
boarding houses, large or small cottages 
or mansions in the crowded heart of the 
city. A little out one can climb a small 
hill and have a splendid outlook, or further 
off from a loftier perch can overlook the 



whole bay shore from Vallejo to Son Jose. 
Lots can be selected and buildings erected 
to each one's taste. Lumber for building 
is cheap, and mechanics' wages is little if 
any higher than in the East. The cost of 
living and rents is as low as in other cities 
of same size. While suburban fruit and 
farming lands near Oakland are high, 
the adjoining county, Contra Costa, con- 
tains a large area of good land that can 
be obtained at from $20 to $150 an acre. 
Reliable information about any kind 
of property in and about Oakland can 
be obtained of W. J. Dingee, who, hav- 
ing long resided in Oakland, 'can fur 
nish information to parties East by let- 
ter, respecting property for sale, or on 
personal application will show the choicest 
residence grounds on improved places. 
He does a general real estate business. 
He is familiar with all the property about 
Oakland. 



0al\leiPid as a ManufaQtiuPiRg 



^^^xy ' /irc' ' Ojxn-'^ 



Gal\Iand as a Manufagfeyping 
er?. 



\AKLAND offers such facilities and 
advantages for manufacturing enter- 
prises as can be offered by no other 
point on the Pacific Coast. 

In support of this claim, says the Com- 
mittee on Manufacturing, of which V. D. 
Moody, banker, is President, we state as 
follows: " We have a frontage within the 
city limits of over ten miles of railroad 
tracks, of which frontage at least eight 
miles are available for manufacturing i3ur- 
poses; enjoys a climate the most favorable 
for human exertion, being neither hot in 
summer nor too cold in winter. 

"The mortality of this city is the lowest 
of any city in the world of its size. 

"The cost of living and rents is as low, 
if not lower, than can be found in nine- 
tenths of the cities of the United States. 

"Building materials are cheap. Me- 
chanics' wages are about the same as in 
the Eastern States. 

'Capital for legitimate enterprises is 
abundant, and the rate of interest is un- 
usually favorable to the borrower. 

"In conclusion, this committee would 
(14G) 



add, that the people of Oakland would 
welcome and assist, to the utmost of their 
ability, all persons who may possess the 
enterprise and knowledge which are 
needed to establish and maintain success- 
fully manufacturing enterprises, and that 
all communications and inquiries ad- 
dressed to the President of the Committee 
on Manufactures will be promptly an- 
swered." 

We present a description of some of the 
prominent manufactories of Oakland, of 
such as would favor us with information. 



Judg©n Mar^ufactuping G©. 

HIS is a stock company with a cap- 
ital of $2,000,000. This important 
manufactory is located on the north- 
ern limits of Oakland. 
The buildings have a frontage of 1,200 
feet on the track of the Central Pacific 
Railroad, and extend westwardly to the 
bay. These buildings are twenty-eight in 
number, several of which have been built 
during the present year. A brick ware- 
house, 50x100 feet, built this year, stands 
on the northern line. In this are stored 
the more valuable of the products awaiting 



Iron and Nail Works. 



149 



shipment. The CaUfornia Victor Mower 
is a prominent specialty of these works, 
and about two thousand five hundred are 
manufactured annually. 

A labyrinth of shops bewilders the ob- 
server, in which are made finishing nails, 
horse nails, shoe nails, brads, and tacks of 
every size. 

Here are the largest shears in the world, 
made on the spot, for the use of the works, 
and weighing eighteen tons. Scrap iron 
of every description from the slightest to 
live inches in diameter is severed readily 
by this iron monster. 

The amount disbursed in wages is 
about $iSo,ooo annually. The value of 
the annual product may be fairly estimated 
at one million dollars. The Victor Mower 
alone is manufactured to the value of over 
two hundred thousand dollars annually. 



E^aGifiG rF©Pi and Rail G©. 



HE Pacific Iron and Nail Company 
is a wealthy and enterprising associa- 
tion organized by merchants of San 
Francisco and Oakland, for the pur- 
pose of carrying on their special industry. 
They comprise three principal structures, 
at the foot of Market Street, the largest 
100x160 feet, the second 100x130 feet, 
and the third 72x42 feet, besides smaller 
buildings. A wharf 1,000 feet in length 
extends to the channel, affording ample 
conveniences for receipt of material and 
the shipment of goods. The facilities of 
the establishment are unsurpassed in all 
respects. No nail works on the continent 
are perhaps so well equipped. The ma- 
chinery is of the most perfect description, 
and includes recent inventions never used 
elsewhere. The present capacity of the 
works is 600 kegs per day, which will soon 
be increased to 1,000. The establishment 
will produce everything in the shape of a 



nail, from the smallest brad to the largest 
spike. 

BliheF Imn W©pI\s. 

ipjAKLAND BOILER WORKS are 

"Vf^ located on the corner of Third and 

j^ Franklin Streets, Clark & Woolley 

^ proprietors. They manufacture to 

order steam boilers and do steam fitting, 

sheet-iron work, and repairing. 

Northwestern Manufacturing and 
Car Company is a branch of the factory 
at Stillwater, Minnesota, and is among 
the largest manufactories in the United 
States. The celebrated thresher, " Min- 
nesota Chief," ranks high among harvest- 
ing machinery throughout the Western 
States and in California. The Oakland 
branch of this company occupies a large 
frontage on Washington, First, and Second 
Streets, and a force of fifty men is em- 
ployed when the works are in full blast. 
The aggregate sales of this company, from 
the Oakland works, for the year, will reach 
$150,000, including threshers, feeders, 
and cleaners. The parts are made in 
Minnesota and shipped here and set up. 
They also manufacture horse-powers and 
portable engines. Mr. G. W. Morrison 
is manager of Oakland branch. 

Oakland Iron Works of Ives Sco- 
ville & Co., on Jefferson and Second 
Streets, have been doing a good business 
during the year. All kinds of machinery, 
including steam engines and mining ma- 
chinery, are manufactured here. About 
fifteen men are employed on an average. 



fla^i^g ffiills. 

'ashington street plan- 
ing MILL is located on the 
corner of Fifth and Washington 
Streets, and has a good local trade. 
Everything in the line of house-finishing. 




150 



Oakland Brewery, 



as well as sawing, planing, and shaping 
of every kind, is made here. McManus iS: 
Hanavan are the proprietors, and keep 
ten men employed. 

Pacific Coast Planinc Mill is owned 
by A. Kendall & Co., the firm consisting 
of Alpheus Kendall and M. F. Hender- 
son, and has done a good season's work. 
The firm are owners of lumber mills in 
Humboldt County, giving them peculiar 
advantages. They employ on an average 
thirty men. The factory is at the corner 
of Grove and Second Streets. 

Oakland Planing Mills were built 
about twelve years ago, and have turned 
out a vast amount of mill-work in their 
time. Messrs. Burnham, Standeford & 
Co. (the firm consisting of O. H. Burn- 
ham, D. W. Standeford, and L. G. Cole) 
are among the oldest in the business in 
Oakland. Orders during the year have 
been nearly up to the average of the past 
six years. The number of hands em- 
ployed varies with the season, but will 
average about fifty. Their manufactory 
is at the corner of Washington and First 
Streets. 

Pioneer Planing Mill CojMpany con- 
sists of eight practical men, namely, C. L. 
Lombard, J. E. White, F. S. Sanford, J. 
McCully, Geo. W. Smith, Geo. Carroll, J. 
Bannerman, and A. W. Peterson. They 
formed a com])any, with the above title, 
about February i, 1883, and leased the 
buildings and machinery at the foot of 
Broadway, of the old Pioneer Planing 
Mills. The enterprise has been success- 
ful, and their volume of business is increas- 
ing. A force of fifteen men are at present 
employed, including members of the com- 
pany, who are all mechanics. The com- 
pany at present consists of J. E. White, F. 
S. Sanford, J. McCully, Geo. Carroll, and 
J. Bannerman. 

East Oakland Planing Mills, Crist 
Galliger & Co. proprietors, are located on 



the corner of East Twelfth Street and 
Fourteenth Avenue. These mills have 
been fairly active during the year, filling 
orders not only for Oakland, but for in- 
terior points and San Francisco. Forty 
men are employed. 

The Eagle Box and Manufactur- 
ing Company was established in the 
spring of 1880. The factory is now lo- 
cated at Nos. 611-615 Market Street, 
Oakland. 

The officers of the company are Rich- 
ard Abbey, President; Geo. Roeth, Secre- 
tary; Alfred Abbey, Manager. 

All kinds of fruit boxes, packages, crates, 
trays, canned goods, and other boxes 
for commercial use, are manufactured. 
Their lock joint boxes for dried fruit 
meet with a ready sale, being much 
neater than the ordinary package, and 
protecting the fruit from dust, worms, etc. 
The Lock Stript Egg Carrier is a specialty. 
Their goods have a market throughout 
this and adjoining States. 



way. 



[HIRTY-TWO years ago the Oak- 
land Brewery was started by two en- 
terprising men, on the northeast 
corner of Ninth Street and Broad- 
Two years later J. C Wilman be- 
came proprietor. He disposed of the 
growing establishment to Joseph Becht. 
In 1863 the brewery was burned to the 
ground. It was rebuilt on the same site. 
Lawrence and Fred Knauer, father and 
son, succeeded Mr. Becht, in 1867. April, 

1869, the property was purchased by H. 
Mangle, John Bose, and Charles Kramm. 
That fall the new firm bought land at the 
present location and began erecting an- 
other brewery. It was completed in 

1870. The building covered 100x50 feet. 
The business was then transferred to these 
premises. Horse -power was at once 



IT) -2 



Oakland Bre\vi;rv. 



adopted. Joseph Dieves acquired Man- 
gle's interest in 1870. Soon after, Bose 
died and Messrs. Kramm & Dieves be- 
came sole owners. In 1876 steam super- 
seded horse-power, and' the capacity of 
the establishment rose to 18,000 barrels 
])er year. It was about 150 barrels per 
year in 1853. 

The Oakland Brewery is situated on 
tlie northeast corner of Telegraph Avenue 
and Durant Street. Its premises are of 
considerable extent. The Telegraph Av- 
enue frontage is 193 feet; the Durant 
Street, 125 feet, and the New Broadway, 
93 feet. Messrs. Kramm is: Dieves reside 
side by side on Telegraph Avenue, in 
houses adjacent to the brewery. 

There is no building more notable than 
the Oakland Brewery in the northern part 
of the city. It is of brick and wood, two 
stories, with a superstructure of wood, 
one story. The offices are on the south- 
west corner. 

Three articles, barley, hops, and moss, 
art the only ingredients, besides yeast and 
water, used by the Oakland Brewery. 
Beers are made of various deleterious sub- 
stances, but Messrs. Kramm & Dieves 
refrain from utilizing cerealine, glucose, 
maltose, and so on through the list. 

In a large tank on the second floor the 
process of beer-making is begun. It 
holds' eighty sacks of barley, which are 
left to soak in water. From there the 
barley is conveyed by a pipe to two half 
floors, one under the other, each 65x55 
feet. The wet grain is laid upon an 
asphaltum pavement, where it sprouts, 
'• makes the sugar." Air enters through a 
number of small windows, each fitted 
with a wire screen. From here the barley 
is taken by an elevator to an upper room 
where it is spread out and subjected to a 
high temperature, and, when fully dried, 
is malt. We have not space to mention 
the various ])rocesses through which it 



passes before it becomes ready for use, 
but will say that no housewife could be 
cleaner about her work than are the em- 
ployes of the Oakland Brewery. Every 
room is kept as sweet as a milk pantry 
should be. Returned casks are scalded 
with hot water and rinsed with cold water. 
There are no unpleasant odors about the 
place. Water and muscle are unsparingly 
used. Tidiness reigns all about. 

The Oakland Brewery is one of the 
city's leading industries. Its annual coal 
bill is $5,000. Each month it pays out 
$1,000 in wages. It consumes annually 
about 21,000 pounds of hops and 15,000 
sacks of barley. Its beer is consumed 
largely in Oakland and Alameda County, 
and is on sale throughout the counties of 
Contra Costa, Solano, Fresno, Tulare, 
Stanislaus, and Mendocino. Ed. Cloelen 
has for seventeen years been superintend- 
ent of the Oakland Brewery. 

The Oakland Brewery from January, 
1884, to January, 1885, gained 1,352 bar- 
rels over the preceding year, selling over 
15,000 barrels. Following are the de- 
clared sales for that year of all i\lameda 
County breweries: — 

Oakland Brewery 15)285 

Iloflnirg (Berkeley) 6,078 

Washington 4. 5°^ 

Brooklyn 3,051 

East Oakland 1,163 

New York (Haywards) 1,481 

Lyon (Haywards) 577 

Livermore 472 

Alameda 4'8 

Columbia (San Leandro) 379 

Milwaukee (Mission San Jose) 244 

Fl©upinfi (Rills. 

nnHE Encinal Flouring Mills are lo- 
1 f cated on the corner of Washington 

§i and Fourth Streets, (iould & Will- 
"^ iamson, proprietors. The mills are 

driven by steam power, and have all the 

needed machinery for grinding all kinds 



154 



Pottery and Tanneries. 



of grain. They make meals a specialty. 
Their business is growing, having steadily 
increased from the start. 

The Golden Rule Flouring Mills, 
operated by Hickok, Schroeder iiv: Co., 
have, since they were totally destroyed by 
fire, on the 3d of December, 1884, been 
rebuilt and refitted with all the latest and 
best improved macliinery. and have been 
in full running order since the ist of May, 
1885. The output for the first six months 
has averaged 4,000 barrels of flour per 
month, which would indicate a total per 
annum of 48,000 barrels, but the actual 
capacity of the mills is over 60,000 barrels. 
The total number of men employed in 
the mills is sixteen, and the amount of 
small stuff and various kinds of feed 
manufactured by them, outside of the 
flour, amounts to between $40,000 and 
$50,000. Considering the great ditificul- 
ties under which the flour industry on the 
Pacific Coast has been laboring during 
the last twelve months, the Golden Rule 
Mills have been among the most success- 
ful mills operated. 



Miameda BuPFiitiUPe HaGfe©ii>Y. 



'E would like to call attention of the 
. people of Oakland to the fact that 
furniture of all descriptions is man- 
ufactured in our midst at the large 
factory on Encinal Avenue, Alameda, 
which is represented in our illustrations. 
It is h(jped our citizens will give our home 
manufactured furniture a fair trial, as we 
are satisfied that, in style and price, it is 
equal to any. ^Ve represent in our views 
the sale-rooms of the Alameda Furniture 
Manufacturing Company in the Weber 
Block, 401 and 403 Twelfth Street, Oak- 
land, where a full stock of their own man- 
ufactures, as well as Eastern furniture, 
will be kept, and offered at jjrices never 
known before. We also carry a full stock 



of Eastern wood mantels and make to 
order the same or any other patterns, and 
at Eastern prices; in fact we will duplicate 
any article of furniture or mantels at what 
they cost East, saving the cost of freight. 
All our lumber is thoroughly kilndried, 
and we warrant all we make. All we ask 
is to come and look before purchasing. 
We offer special inducements for the holi- 
day trade. 

East 0eil^land ¥ar^nepies. 

HE Oak (irove Tannery, East Oak- 
land, was built twenty-one years ago, 
and came into the hands of its 
present proprietor, J. S. Derby, 
thirteen years since. The average yearly 
production of hides is 12,000, valued, on 
a good market, at $75,000. Boston and 
St. Louis have, of late years, been the chief 
market for the product. The number of 
men employed varies with the season of 
the year, the average being sixteen. 

G. F. Crist's Tannery, East Oakland, 
was established in 187 1, by the present 
proprietor, who has conducted an exten- 
sive and uniformly successful business. 
San Francisco dealers take most of the 
product, the annual value of which is 
$120,000; men employed, 25. 



Gali§©PF^ia l>©fetier?Y. 

HIS industry was begun by James 
Miller in 1875, in a small room only 
12x12 feet, where he followed model- 
ing and moulding. From that small 
beginning the business has been increased 
to its present mammoth proportions. 
There are now 3 kilns, the largest of which 
is 28 feet long, 15 feet wide, and 15 feet 
high. The combined capacity of the 3 
kilns is about $2,000 worth of goods. The 
buildings consist of a work-shop, 200x50 
feet, two stories; a drying-house, 50x50 



Cotton and Jute Mills. 



155 



feet, two stories; a work-shop, 25x100 
feet, one story; a grinding-room, 30x60 
feet, one story; a jigger-shop, 30x100 feet, 
two stories; and a flower-pot shop, 30x100 
feet. The premises include one and 
three-fourths acres of ground. There are 
three mills, with a capacity of fifty tons of 
clay per day. The following articles are 
manufactured at the works: Sewer-pipe, 
sewer-pipe fittings, ornaments and trim- 
mings for buildings, chimney-tops, garden 
vases, fountains, antique urns, flower-pots, 
etc. The works are under the personal 
supervision of Mr. Miller, who is not only 
a master workman at his trade, but an 
artist of the highest order as well, many 
of his designs being almost imcompara- 
ble. The material used at the works 
comes from Michigan Bar. About fifty 
men are employed. The owners of the 
works are Messrs. Miller &: Windsor. 



be laid down in this market by Eastern 
manufacturers. The samples presented 
by the Oakland mills are said to excel the 
like grades of cotton made in New En- 
gland. The mill company have purchased 
500 bales that were grown in the San 
Joaquin Valley in the vicinity of Bakers- 
field, California, and they intend to derive 
the most of their future stock from this 
region and Texas. They find California 
cotton to be of very excellent quality. 



Whe G©ti(i8R Mills. 

jy,HE new cotton mills at Oakland, the 
only ones on the Pacific Coast, have 
just been fairly started. The labor 
to be employed had to be trained. 
At present the number of hands is 150, but 
more will be needed by and by when the 
mills are run to their full capacity. A few 
skilled operatives were brought out from 
Scotland by William Rutherford, the 
Superintendent, and have been engaged in 
teaching the others the finer points of the 
trade. The gootls made at these mills have 
met at once with a favorable reception 
wherever exhibited to the wholesale 
traders of the coast. One of the chief 
staples is twines, various in kind, includ- 
ing those used in sail and net making, and 
crash toweling, bags, and duckings. An 
admixture of jute is employed to add to 
the weight and strength of these goods. 
In some instances the Oakland mills have 
offered goods cheaper than they could 



Galifep^ia Julie ffiills. 

HIS establishment is located in East 
Oakland and has done a good year's 
work. At present about 225 white 
hands are employed, and 100 
Chinese. White applicants, with a genu- 
ine desire to learn and become useful op- 
eratives, are given the perference in every 
case. Wages range from fifty cents per 
day to the novice, who merely looks on in 
order to learn, to $1.75 per day to the 
most skillful. In securing and teaching 
so large -a proportion of white labor, the 
management has conferred a benefit upon 
the community. 

Among the improvements is a brick 
warehouse, 50x85 feet, and a large one- 
story brick building, 106^^x92)4, to be 
used for an operating room. Sewing ma- 
chines, to be operated by white labor 
only, have been introduced. The yearly 
product is three millions of yards of cloth 
annually for ore, bean, and coffee bags. 
Machines for working flax are being added, 
together with the latest improvements in 
machinery necessary to a complete factory 
which shall be able to compete with any 
other. The manager judges that fully 350 
hands will be required when all contem- 
plated improvements are perfected. Mr. 
John Robertson is Superintendent, and 
Mr. Benj. Northup, millwright and fore- 
man of the mechanical department. 



156 



Berkeley Manufactories. 



Standapd Soap GompanY 



'he business and works of the Stand- 
ard Soap Company, a picture of 
which appears in this work, are situ- 
ated on the water front at Went 
Berkeley, and connected with side track 
of the C. P. R. R., forming a connection 
with the network of the general railway 
system of the United States. The bus- 
iness of the present coni[)any was estab- 
lished in San Francisco in 1861, in one 
of the old original iron buildings, which 
came around the horn in 1849, and was 
located at the corner of Parent and I>road- 
way Streets, San Francisco. 

This plant occupies the entire block of 
ground. No. 109, West Berkeley, being 
300x300 feet. To give an idea of the 
size of the manufactory, we give the 
amount of material used in its construc- 
tion: 2,500,000 feet of lumber, and 300,- 
000 bricks for foundation and chimneys. 
No similar factory can be found in the 
United States which in appearance is 
more imposing than this plant, which 
when worked to its full capacity would be 
more than one million, five hundred 
thousand pounds of soap per month. 
This factory is systematically worked in 
departments, under the supervision of a 
competent foreman, such as Box Making, 
Cutting, Toilet Soap, Candle Making. 
Glycerine, etc. It also has a full Printing 
Department, where all labels, circulars, 
and the necessary printing for the Works 
is done. We question if any other Soap 
Company in the world has as complete a 
printing outfit as this factory. This com- 
pany also owns the steamer, Man 
Island, which makes daily trips from the 
works to San Francisco. A picture of 
the steamer is shown in the foreground of 
the illustration on another page. 



lX7eSfe Bepl\eleY l^umbep Yar?d. 



HIS extensive business, owned by 
the Mendocino Lumber Company 
and managed by Mr. Thomas Rich- 
ardson, has been purchased by 
Messrs. Charles D. Ford and Henry W. 
Taylor. Mr. Ford has been connected 
with the yard for several years past, and 
is the son of the president of the Mendo- 
cino Lumber Company. Mr. H. \\^ 
Taylor is a gentleman of large business 
experience. Under their management 
the business cannot fail to increase rap 
idly. The West Berkeley Lumber \';ird 
is one of the oldest in the State. Its lo- 
cation is admirable as a shipi)ing point 
either by rail or by water, and its trade 
has become so extensive that many acres 
of ground are required for the accommo- 
dation of its lumber and material, the 
shipment of which represents hundreds 
of car loads during the year. In 1882 
ship and car were brought together by 
means of rails being placed down to the 
end of the wharf, which is 1,500 feet in 
length, from the main line of the C. P. 
R. R. In addition to this the capacity 
for storing and drying lumber has lately 
been largely increased. It is the inten- 
tion of the company to carry as full and 
well assorted a stock of building material 
as any other lumber interest on the Pa- 
cific Coast. Their shipments now extend 
to all parts of the State, and even as far 
east as Chicago. 

A view of the yard and wharf is given 
in this work. Their sales the past year 
were of lumber, 9,000,000 feet; shingles, 
5,000,000; and lath, 1,000,000. Some 
sixteen men are constantly employed. 
They also handle doors, sash, blinds, 
nails, l)ric:k, lime, cement, plaster, and 
!>laslerers' hair. 



Prominent Business P'irms. 



157 



ix/hf Galled Be^I^elev. 



.^n 



■jj • var 



n[3HE founding of a seminary of ad- 
vanced learning on the westtrn sliore 
the American Continent, from 
whose windows could be seen the 
vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean, sug- 
gested to those engaged in the project the 
fLimous line of Berkeley, — 
" Westward the course of Empire takes its wiiy." 
Hence, the site received the name ol 
the autlTor of the poetic prophec\-. 



BeP^eleY E'leiFiiHg Mill. 



. ,i MONG permanent fixtures of the 
^r place is the Berkeley Planing Mill, 
which was established in January, 
1885, by Mr. Geo. C Pape. It is 
located on the corner of Berkeley Way 
and Louisa Street. This little mill, a 
view of which appears on another page, 
is proving a great convenience to residents 
of Berkeley, as all kinds of work, such as 
mouldings, brackets, turning, wood carv- 
ing, and scroll sawing, beside the ordinary 
work of a planing mill, is furnished to 
order. Mr. Pape by strict attention to 
business has built up 'a good trade. It 
supplies a long- felt want, and is appreci 
ated by the citizens of Berkeley. 



lieadiR^ BuSii^eSS BiFE^. 



JhlWIGHT WAY STATION is the 
'jifj first station south of Berkeley. The 
'^^ buildings and lumber yard of the 
Berkeley Village Improvement As- 
sociation, are located at this point. Stew- 
art Brothers, the leading mercantile firrn 
of Berkeley, have a large establishment 
here, and do a heavy business. As they 
do all their own freighting, and also run 



two delivery wagons, they keep constantly 
employed a number of men and teams. 
Beside the regular grocery business, they 
deal largely in green fruits and produce, 
as well as coal, wood, hay, and grain, 
A view of their business house and res- 
idences will be found on another page. 



Wesfe BeFl^elev- 



^liTEST BERKELEY bids fair to be- 
"^W come a manufacturing center. It 
ff^ has already in operation a large 
Planing mill. Soap factory. Cement 
works, Guadalupe Mine Reduction 
Works, Lubricating oil works. Starch 
works, Glass works, Giant Powder Co.'s 
works. Acid works, and Paraffine Paint 
works. And last, but not least, one of 
the largest lumber yards and establish- 
ments on the bay. Robert Ingenlath has 
a neat store and residence combined, ad- 
joining Mr. Bruns, where he not only at- 
tends to the plumbing business, but 
carries a large stock of tin and granite 
ware. 

To give an idea of the business carried 
on at a single store at West Berkeley, we 
mention that of D. H. Bruns & Co., which 
carries a general assortment of groceries, 
provisions, boots and shoes, and hard 
ware, and kee^s in stock $20 000 worth 
of goods. He buys largely, and is able 
to sell at, San Francisco prices, and has 
thus by fair dealing built him up a large 
and increasing business. He does the 
largest mercantile business of any firm in 
West Berkeley, his sales averaging $roo 
per day. Mr. Bruns began in a small 
way, and by strict attention to business 
and fair dealing, has built up a large 
trnde. 

Messrs. Schmidt & Schnelle have just 
erected a neat and commodious store on 
the corner of Ninth and University Ave. 




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